Have a fetus with hydrocephalus What are the reasons?

Q: have a child with hydrocephalus What are the reasons?
A: There are many reasons for the occurrence, such as congenital malformation in the midbrain and blocking the narrow, chiari and fourth ventricle in the side of the hole or holes to lock the main cause.
Cerebrospinal fluid by the nature of the system dysfunction can be divided into obstructive (non-traffic) hydrocephalus and non-obstructive (of traffic) hydrocephalus. The former because of room between the holes of the third ventricle, the midbrain and the fourth ventricle and the side of the hole and the hole, as well as cerebellar cistern is not clear which took place; as a result of the latter more or absorb excess secretion of cerebrospinal fluid caused by obstacles. Due to the long-term brain ventricular pressure increased pressure on the organization of the brain, degeneration occurs, may become very low.

Ankylosing spondylitis and bone cancer are two different things

Ankylosing spondylitis referred to as "the strong ridge" is a disease of the spine, as yet unknown reasons, the patient's spine every facet joint disease appears, and then joint occurrence of the phenomenon of fusion. After, there will be a patient's spinal deformity, day-to-day activities will be limited. Very slow development of the disease, but the result is more terrible, "strong ridge" is not affected in the spine, and deformities as a result, patients on both sides of the hip joint activities is limited, also pain, the last problem can only rely on To address joint replacement. However, Ma Zhuren believe that ankylosing spondylitis is a fusion of proliferative disease, bone and the mechanism of disease is completely different, so, ankylosing spondylitis bone cancer caused the situation is unlikely to occur. People who have a family history of the disease is better made
"Strong ridge" is not a genetic disease, but have a family history of the people suffering from the disease would be more and more people, who belong to strong ridge made a good crowd. At present, the treatment of "strong ridge," the prognosis is not very good results, because the doctor can only be based on the patient's degree of deformity to give them a certain degree of correction, if necessary, replacement joints can, however, only remain in the treatment of stage and Not for cause, therefore, no way to prevent or block the course of disease. Therefore, the patient's spine will eventually be completely rigid. If the back straight into a rigid shape is quite good results, so that patients can not just bending it, but most of the patient's waist will be stiff back into position and seriously affect the life, very painful. Easy to move in young and middle-aged people
Ankylosing spondylitis usually occurs in young and middle-aged people, from the current situation, and patients do not have much compared to the previous increase in people living in cities than in rural areas to be patient a little less. Dr its pathogenesis has not understand too much, just know that this may be the small joints of the proliferation of integration. The incidence of the disease course would be a long, is about 5-10 years after the onset of treatment for the symptoms are basically only. Relatively poor living conditions, such as the often wet, cold, very hard place to sleep people prone to this problem.
In the "strong ridge" of the early, the patient is feeling pain, Yaoteng, after back problems. Another feature of the early ill will "morning stiffness" in the morning is to think back very rigid and not very easy, slightly moving his move will ease the symptoms. If you always have this feeling should be asked the doctors to the diagnosis, early diagnosis of rational drug use in order to control the course of the development of a certain role. Indiscriminately would be unwise to take medicine
Now the treatment of "strong ridge" a lot of small ads, saw a "radical" and so enticing word, it is a matter of fact, the "strong ridge," not an effective drug treatment can be fundamentally and mitigation. Some of these drugs belong to a lot of toxicity, even under the guidance of doctors also need to take the regular examination of the liver, liver so as not to be too much harm. And some people believe such a small pharmaceutical advertising, in order to effect the immediate, and the mix of several drugs to eat more vulnerable to the risk of poisoning cases.

Emergence of protein in urine do not eat protein

There are a lot of patients with kidney disease that appears in urine protein because eating too much protein, because in order to limit the intake of protein, and even some of the patients with renal insufficiency afraid of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and elevated fasting total protein. This understanding is not complete. Emergence of protein in urine because of damage or glomerular filtration membrane of renal tubular reabsorption dysfunction caused by intake of protein and the number of little relevance, but not protein intake will cause the body to strengthen the catabolism, muscle, fat break down Accelerated product of the acid in the body (including urea nitrogen, creatinine), suffering from weight loss, deterioration of the further development of the disease. Acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, can be a normal diet, per kilogram of body weight per day of about 1 g protein, a large number of proteinuria, plasma of patients with low-protein, protein intake should be increased In particular, high-quality animal protein such as milk, meat and eggs (Qing). On the development of chronic nephritis to the worst period - the period of uremia patients, but also that eating high-quality low-protein diet, that is, the adults of not less than 20 grams of protein daily. Uremic patients during dialysis, particularly peritoneal dialysis, the daily consumption of protein are asking for more.

Otogenic meningitis and clinical diagnosis based on the

Clinical manifestations: 1. Otitis media patients earache, ear discharge increase or decrease.
2. Purulent meningitis performance: high fever, headache, vomiting, neck hard, convulsions, delirium or drowsiness.
3. Tendon hyperreflexia, Clinton and the Babinski sign positive sign; retinal optic nerve edema.
Diagnosis based on: 1. For chronic otitis media or acute otitis media patients with acute fever, headache, vomiting, neck hard.
2. Tendon hyperreflexia, Clinton and the Babinski sign positive sign, fundus optic nerve head edema.
3. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased turbidity, white, high protein content, chloride and reduce the sugar content, smear or culture can be found in bacteria.
4. Mastoid x-ray showed bone damaged or cholesteatoma are empty.

Desmoid tumor easy to be confused with the diseases?

As the desmoid tumor and clinical performance of the image is not typical, the preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Occurred in the abdominal wall desmoid tumor has some characteristics of the abdominal wall hard benign fibroids, and neurofibromatosis
Lipoma common; to malignant lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma and metastatic tumors common. Lipoma performance of the typical CT, without identification. The use of MRI can be hard to distinguish between fibroids and neurofibromatosis. Despite the hard fiber
Local tumor with invasive, but most of the CT in the performance of the border to clear the soft tissue mass, and was typical of the growth of malignant tumor-infiltrating, combined with clinical manifestations can be distinguished.

In children with leukemia during chemotherapy should pay attention to what?

Q: In children with leukemia during chemotherapy should pay attention to what?
A: pay attention to personal hygiene, before eating, after they wash their hands to prevent a very low resistance of the disease through the mouth.
Maintain open stool, then after the bath as much as possible in order to maintain local clean. For hemorrhoids or constipation end, the treatment of hemorrhoids can use conventional drugs or laxative.
To reduce contact with the outside world. Reduce unnecessary visits. In case of the people or the environment around patients with influenza should wear a mask in order to reduce the opportunities for cross-infection.
Room patients or wards placed too much not the flowers, in particular, should take to avoid pot, so that can be reduced due to soil or plants with the fungal spores, bacteria and other infections caused.
Try not to dig a hard object or Tiya ear to prevent local damage and lead to infection.

Children with biliary tract infection and treatment of disease

Key symptoms: Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis in the relatively rare in children, who sometimes associated with cholelithiasis (more rare in children). Disease often than sharp, the incidence of more than 1 day after treatment. With abdominal pain, high fever Serbian war as the main symptoms, sometimes jaundice. Fu Teng on sustained or intermittent dull pain, severe pain or cramping. There are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. High fever can cause convulsions, or the spirit of good, delirium, coma, and other symptoms. Less jaundice, a short time. Medical examination showed acute tolerance, body temperature of 38.5 ℃ in sustainable over up to 41 ℃, a clear right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness and tension, and sometimes swelling of the gallbladder can be touched. Is particularly serious in some cases to toxic shock as the main performance after treatment before the emergence of the stomach, belly full of tension and tenderness, and other signs of peritonitis. Peripheral blood WBC increased, and there are a number of neutrophils increased, the left and the poisoning of nuclear particles. Key measures: Acute cholecystitis may be non-surgical therapy, including the solution of cramps, pain and anti-infection treatment. Broad-spectrum antibiotics such as the recent benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole Pioneer-for-tat commonly used anti-bacterial drugs. As a result of not eating more, it will also be necessary to maintain nutrition and intravenous rehydration water. 1. Kiyotoshi Chinese medicine therapy in order to heat, liver qi Kuai-based. Prescription For example: Radix 3g, baicalin 9g, Radix 3g, Aurantii 9g, Radix 9g, the British public and 15g, rhubarb 6g, capillaris 15g, flabellata 6g. Severe abdominal pain were the Canadian dollar Hu 9g, Chuan Lianzi 9g. 2. Surgical treatment: surgical indications: ① diagnosed with biliary peritonitis after surgery as soon as possible; ② high fever, toxic shock, to correct a short period of time there was no significant improvement or deterioration in their conditions were; ③ In the course of treatment are complicated by liver abscess, pancreatitis, gallbladder perforation necrosis; ④ bile duct stone. Non-surgical scar stenosis who can not be lifted. Surgery is the principle: the lifting of obstruction of the bile duct, gall adequate drainage to reduce the pressure. Should be actively preparing for the pre-operative, including blood transfusions, rehydration, intravenous antibiotics and other measures to correct shock. If 3 to 6 hours of treatment, symptoms not improved, that is, should be held in emergency rescue operation so as not to lose the opportunity. Surgery under way in children in general and local conditions. In the case of purulent perforated or gangrenous cholecystitis will be used for cholecystectomy. Gallbladder disease, such as limited and generally poor children can also be made for gallbladder fistula. If a companion when the common bile duct inflammation or perforation of bile duct drainage line to be at the same time line shunt. General acute cholecystitis by the non-surgical treatment can be self-healing subsided, but associated with peritonitis, subject to post-actively preparing for the surgery. Key causes: Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis disease as the main stay of bile and bacterial infection. Multi-stranded as a result of bile duct obstruction caused by the obstruction of the common factors of congenital bile duct or inflammatory narrow cholecystojejunostomy match after a narrow regurgitation caused by parasites and common bile duct sphincter spasm. By the bacteria in the blood, lymph, intestinal tract or adjacent organ invasion and gallbladder and bile duct, causing inflammation of the E. coli bacteria in the main, accounting for about 70%, other Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, and so on, can also Mixed infection. 【Prevention: No prevention. 【-Prone age: Prone to all ages.

Do not underestimate the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pharyngitis

Many people often do not feel pharynx, the blockage may itch or burning throat, dry cough, sticky secretion, or even easily vomitus dedication, as "pharyngitis" is a chronic, persistent symptoms, treatment of non-confidence or not Attention. Caused by chronic pharyngitis is due to the complex. Stimulating long-term consumption of food or irritating gases caused by the impact of chronic pharyngitis, the number of recurrent acute pharyngitis is not handled properly or may be turned into a chronic back inflammation. Many more can not be ignored systemic disease similar to the symptoms, such as anemia, constipation, gastrointestinal tract, heart and lung, neck bone, and other changes can produce symptoms of chronic pharyngitis, and even hidden cancer can be mistaken for "chronic pharyngeal Yan. " Therefore, there is "chronic pharyngitis," symptoms, should not be taken lightly, should check treatment, it is necessary to find out the cause, a dialectical diagnosis and treatment of chronic pharyngitis can be healed.

Why would annex inflammation caused infertility

Annex fallopian tube and ovary is, the inflammation of the two-yan said the annex, often with serous or near the pelvic organs peritonitis, after treatment, with inflammation dissipated, tubal lumen patency. But sometimes inflammation of the formation of adhesions, such as tubal umbrella near the end and peritoneal adhesions, and often will affect the function of fallopian tube, not the egg into the fallopian tube intake, so that the egg and sperm can not be met, leading to infertility. This situation, the general should be laparoscopy, adhesion and can be found immediately release the laparoscopic surgery, the separation adhesion to restore the fallopian tube function. Laparoscopy can also find early endometriosis, or inflammation coexist with the annex. Endometriosis is also the main cause of infertility should be treated accordingly. Yan in the annex or pelvic inflammatory disease, can cause inflammation as the body's immune response to sperm, produce anti-sperm antibodies, anti-endometrial antibodies, and so on, can cause autoimmune infertility, it should be detection of anti-sperm antibodies, antibody anti-endometrial , If positive, should be given the appropriate treatment.

What is the renal interstitial nephritis? How is it diagnosed?

Tubular an interstitial nephritis is a large group from various causes of kidney disease. Major violations of renal disease and renal interstitial; clinical renal dysfunction to its outstanding performance. On the course, a tubular interstitial nephritis acute and chronic can be divided into two categories; are the cause of infection, drugs, immune-mediated genetic and metabolic obstacles caused by interstitial nephritis, and so on. To clinical medicine who was the most common cause, followed by urinary tract obstruction with the complexity of those arising from chronic pyelonephritis. The main diagnosis is based on: (1) patient medication history or have a history of chronic renal benefits nephritis. (2) early in the disease, the general did not field the ball the clinical features of disease, such as Shuinazhuliu, edema, hypertension, and so on, and renal dysfunction occurred in the early and glomerular dysfunction and disproportionate. In addition, there are renal dysfunction but no high blood pressure, and a mild proteinuria, B2-microglobulin in urine increase. Given a tubular more than 90 percent of the cause of interstitial nephritis may rule, early diagnosis is crucial, even for renal dysfunction have occurred in patients if they can find a good and timely processing of reversible factors (such as urinary obstruction , Infection, etc.), can also suspend its development and even improve kidney function.

Acute glomerulonephritis easily confused with the diseases

Early acute nephritis easily confused with the disease, should arouse attention. (1) fever proteinuria may appear in any febrile illness. During the fever can be detected in urine protein and the type, but very few red blood cells, or edema and hypertension. Heat Forward, urine abnormal rapid recovery. (2) any abnormal urinary infection caused infection, such as bacteria, viruses, in particular, hemolytic streptococcus B infection, about 1 / 3 of patients can appear mild microscopic hematuria, a small amount of urine protein and the type, However, no edema and hypertension, when the infection control, urine check is back to normal. (3) focal glomerulonephritis in general during the infection (acute nephritis occurred in about two weeks after infection); focal nephritis mainly to hematuria, proteinuria is very light; cure infection, Patients resume normal urine checks, the better the prognosis. Light and acute nephritis only urine changes, without edema and hypertension similar. (4) movement urine abnormal strenuous exercise (such as long-distance running, swimming, radical march……) or overworked, in the urine within a few hours to appear abnormal - hematuria, proteinuria and the type of urine, but the rest 1-2 days (By less than seven days) is back to normal. In the event of abnormal urine at the same time without edema and hypertension (individual may have temporarily hypertension). (5) lupus nephritis systemic lupus erythematosus caused kidney damage, sometimes performance similar to acute nephritis, frequently have rashes, hair loss, light allergies, joint pain and heart, liver, lung, brain and other organs of the disease, And more than a fever, reduce the WBC, anti-SM antibody tests or DNA antibodies and anti-nuclear antibody positive. (6) occurred in pregnancy toxemia of pregnancy and more advanced, people with edema, hypertension, proteinuria and the type of urine, severe hypertension may occur encephalopathy, especially in the last 12 months of pregnancy when the more obvious symptoms. However, the lack of urine is the main characteristic, and kidney function are normal, eyes visible retinal artery cramps, bleeding, leakage and other changes, the vast majority of patients return to normal after childbirth. (7) primary nephrotic syndrome associated with acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and kidney easily confused. The latter to a large number proteinuria (≥ 3.5 grams / day) and hypoproteinemia for features, without hematuria, the former hematuria, have no hypoproteinemia, differential points for the kidney examination, the former diffuse capillary Proliferative glomerulonephritis, which can be a minimal change or other chronic glomerular damage to the pathological changes. (8) and Bangladesh acute kidney nephritis the event of acute nephritis urethra, bladder and kidney mucosal congestion and edema can cause bladder irritation, similar acute pyelonephritis. But pyelonephritis fever, hematuria, IL are more positive urine culture, effective antibiotic treatment, and no edema, hypertension, such as performance, also in the urine of a red blood cell type. Acute Pyelonephritis is still easy to acute and chronic nephritis confused.

How to prevent the occurrence of epilepsy

Epilepsy disease prevention is very important. The prevention of epilepsy involves not only the medical field, but also the whole society and relevant. The prevention of epilepsy should focus on three levels: First, focus on the causes and prevention of epilepsy in the second to have the author, to prevent the emergence of symptoms of epilepsy; three epilepsy patients is to reduce the physical, psychological and social adverse effects. (1) the prevention of the occurrence of epilepsy That is the cause for a cure epilepsy and prevention. Genetic factors make some children with susceptibility to seizures, in a variety of environmental factors under the trigger epileptic seizures. In this connection, like to stress the importance of genetic counseling, should conduct a detailed investigation of the family, understanding of parents, close relatives and compatriots on whether there are characteristics of seizures and attacks, whether there is a history of febrile seizures, asked his cell, descendants and other relatives The incidence rate may be a rough estimate, and pay attention to marriage fertility problems, birth to children with epilepsy and improve the quality of the population. On can cause mental retardation and epilepsy in some serious genetic disease, prenatal diagnosis should be carried out or neonatal screening examination to determine termination of pregnancy or early treatment. For secondary prevention of epilepsy should be clear to the special cause, the attention of prenatal maternal health, reduce infections, nutritional deficiencies and diseases so that the fetus less subject to adverse effects. To prevent accidents maternity and neonatal-onset epilepsy injury is one of the important reasons to avoid injury to the middle class is important to prevent epilepsy. If we can make periodic checks to pregnant women, the implementation of clean delivery, the timely processing of produce, could have been avoided or reduced production of neonatal injury. For the period of high fever in infants cooler dedicated to give adequate attention to avoid seizure, drug seizures should be immediately controlled. On the central nervous system diseases in children should actively prevent and timely treatment to reduce consequences. The health of pregnant women do work, attention to child custody, child care for the prevention of epilepsy are of great significance, because some of epilepsy in children born shortly after the onset, because many women during pregnancy do not pay attention to the spirit of tone, not to strengthen human nutrition, and other factors , So the ancients have epilepsy occurred in the "births" said. Therefore, attention should be paid to child custody, child care, so mothers can not only make good health and can also make good fetal development, so as not to lead after birth because of inherent weaknesses become prone to epilepsy in children. (2) prevent the emergence of symptoms of epilepsy Mainly refers to epilepsy-induced factors and children with epilepsy to undertake a comprehensive treatment to control epilepsy seizures. Statistics show that patients in the first seizure, the recurrence rate was 27 percent to 82 percent in a single attack after the majority of patients will relapse seems, therefore, prevent the return of the symptoms of epilepsy it is particularly important. For this reason, patients should be to create a good living environment, so that patients develop a healthy lifestyle, avoid emotional, mental tension, overworked, restaurants and not a special section, and other physical and chemical stimulation. For patients with epilepsy should seize the opportunity to make the diagnosis, determine the type of early treatment. The sooner the treatment, brain injury is, the less recurrence, the better the prognosis. It is necessary to correctly use a reasonable and timely adjustment of dose, the attention of individual treatment, treatment should be a long, slow process of withdrawal, and should adhere to the law medication, if necessary, to the effect of drugs used by the assessment and monitoring of blood concentration. Avoid chaos for drugs, non-standard medication. Remove or reduce the incidence of the original cause of epilepsy, such as occupying intracranial disease, metabolic disorders, infections, the recurrent cases have important significance. (3) to reduce the sequelae of epilepsy Epilepsy is a chronic disease, can be deferred several years, even decades ago, thus the patients physical, mental, marital status and socio-economic cause serious adverse effects. In particular, is a lot of complicated social problems, such as deep-rooted social prejudice and discriminatory attitudes of the public, patients and family relations, school education and employment, and the unfortunate setbacks, cultural and sports activities such as the restrictions, not only will patients have a stigma and pessimism Psychological, with serious impact on the physical and mental development, but also in troubled families, teachers, doctors and nurses, and even society itself. Such seizures caused by the aftermath of the social problems are related to people's ability to overcome the key to epilepsy, and the people's awareness of the issue, study and resolve is far from epilepsy itself and to the diagnosis and treatment, which can not be said that instead of epilepsy research A major regret. So many scholars emphasized that the prevention of epilepsy social consequences of the disease and its prevention are equally important, epilepsy patients that is the aftermath of the body, is also the community as a whole, which requires all sectors of society with epilepsy understand and support, To minimize the social consequences of epilepsy.

Beware febrile seizures changed epilepsy

Febrile seizures, as the name suggests is caused by high fever and convulsion. Common in children less than 6 years old, because of what happened outside the central nervous system infections, the body temperature of 38 ℃ by the fever over the seizure. Many parents worry that children with high fever and convulsion will be transformed into epilepsy. In fact, this worry is not superfluous. Under normal circumstances, febrile seizures after most of the course is good, but high fever caused by a recurrence of the convulsions that the characteristics and the tendency to epilepsy. According to clinical survey, febrile seizures in children than the general rate of children with epilepsy 3-6 times higher, but any type of seizures can change from the febrile seizures. Domestic and foreign scholars believe that the existence of the following factors will change significantly increased the risk of epilepsy: 1, a family history of epilepsy. 2, the first high fever and convulsion before the onset of certain suspicious or abnormal nervous system development. 3, the complexity of febrile seizures, convulsions such as the duration of more than 15 minutes, fever within 24 hours of repeated attack or limitations of attack, after the attacks the nervous system and other abnormal signs. In addition, electroencephalogram (EEG) check for tips febrile seizures can also help to epilepsy. But to note, more accurate EEG examination time should be arranged in 1-2 weeks after the attack, because of high fever seizure in the week about 1/5-3/5 of the children are non-specific EEG slow wave increase. Therefore, the 6-year-old children within the regular fever, parents and doctors should actively prevent febrile seizures into epilepsy, in addition to peacetime improve the health of infants and young children, to reduce the incidence of febrile seizures, the two main measures to be taken: 1. Is febrile seizures attack, immediately intravenous injection stability and ease 0.2-0.5 Mg / Kg. At the same time maintain respiratory smooth, cool down and to take measures such as oxygen inhalation and the other is to have febrile seizures in children with risk factors, the use of intermittent short-term use of anti-epileptic drugs, or in children under the recurrence of the number of risk factors, long-term service to the benzene Barbieri Properly and sodium valproate, and other anti-epileptic drugs. The selection of drugs and the specific use of Zunyi Zhu should be carried out.

How to control epilepsy had

People suffering from epilepsy should not drive all kinds of vehicles, machinery operations and not to engage in high-altitude operations to prevent the lake, river, Jingbian play, can not swim. Kankongbupian avoid concept, not playing games, when the focus should not be frightened. Fasting tobacco, alcohol, spicy, pork, lard and other provocative strong things. Difficult to over-exertion: including mental work such as manual work, mental work is the main problem of over-thinking, work pressure. Playing chess or playing cards, such as over the heart. Most of manual re-mainly physical. Internet time is too long or long-term Aoye can induce seizures. Treatment of epilepsy treatment must establish confidence, no haste is not impatient. And have the confidence to overcome the disease. Should not Zibaoziqi. Moderate physical activity, may increase its resistance. The lives of seven conditioning, two-thirds of drug treatment, we can overcome epilepsy seizures. Eventually overcome the disease. During treatment, can not be replaced free of drugs, can not be a sudden withdrawal, if common diseases should be timely treatment. Or contact with the attending physician, medication guide.

The possible cause of peptic ulcer What are the factors

The cause of peptic ulcers and pathogenesis, despite the many years of research, has not yet been fully clarified. Is now sufficient evidence that its incidence is not a factor involved, but involves a variety of factors. However, under normal circumstances, stomach, duodenum mucosa can withstand these factors invasion of harm. Stomach, duodenum mucosa have such self-protection mechanism in order to avoid the invasion of harmful factors and to maintain the stomach, duodenum integrity. The stomach, duodenum a protective role of the main factors mucosal barrier, a mucus bicarbonate barrier _ mucus blood flow, cell update, prostaglandin, such as epidermal growth factor. Although the cause of peptic ulcers are still not clearly explained, but in general, because of stomach and duodenal mucosa damaging effects of self-defense mucosal invasion and loss of balance between the factors of the results. Is generally believed that genetic factors, geographical environment, climate season, restaurants, Helicobacter pylori, drug stimulation, smoking, mental factors, the impact of certain diseases and gastric and duodenal mucosa their own protective factors and so on and peptic ulcer On the incidence.

Ulcer disease and old age should be differentiated from the diseases?

(1) functional dyspepsia. This means there are no symptoms of ulcer dyspepsia or other , such as chronic gastritis and duodenitis or biliary disease. Patients frequently have anxiety, insomnia, nervous tension, depression, mental factors can induce or increase, the effective treatment of anti-ulcer medicine, gastrointestinal motility drug use could significantly ease. In this disease is quite common in young women, the elderly are not uncommon, attention should be paid with identification. (2) of gastric cancer. Benign and malignant gastric ulcer ulcer (stomach cancer) is sometimes difficult to identify. Some ulcer type of gastric cancer in the early days, its shape and clinical performance and benign gastric ulcer is similar, or even the anti-ulcer treatment can be temporarily healed, and to the early diagnosis difficult. Benign and malignant gastric ulcer in the differential based on X-ray, pathology and endoscopy examination, therefore, for all elderly patients with gastric ulcer should visit gastroscopy, and many take some marginal ulcer biopsy to determine the nature of ulcers. (3) chronic gastritis. The disease may have similar symptoms of peptic ulcers and easy with their confusion. Analysis of gastric acid found lack of peptic ulcers can be ruled out, a higher incidence of the disease, gastroscopy is the identification of the two main methods. (4) chronic duodenitis. Has not yet sure whether the disease can be developed for the duodenal ulcer. Both clinical and X-ray imaging is similar, relying mainly on their differential diagnosis of duodenal endoscopy. (5) Gastroptosia. The disease can be associated with kidney, liver and other internal organs down, and indigestion symptoms appear. All of its symptoms when the increase in the upright, sits flat at ease. Barium X-ray inspection without the X-ray signs of ulcers, stomach and small bending shows that the lowest point in the iliac crest level Following is the basis for the diagnosis of the disease. (6) chronic biliary disease. Biliary motor dysfunction can cause seizures spastic right upper quadrant pain, pain more than in the meal, the application of basic drugs can not be alleviated. If asked in detail about history, with the gallbladder X-ray imaging, B-chao, liver and gallbladder γ camera flashes, such as inspection, can be diagnosed.

Hepatitis merger of liver cancer treatment principle is what?

Hepatitis merger cancer of the liver cancer should be based on size, location, transfer or sub-clinical stage, and then determine the treatment principles: (1) morning, the medium-term patients: cancer small size, condition and liver patients basic situation better, no signs of the transfer, no other taboos surgery, the surgery as soon as possible, after treatment with Chinese medicine and immunization. Some patients is expected to completely cure or prolong survival. (2) mid-term patients: cancer larger, and important parts (such as hepatic portal) nearby, there is no indication for surgery, can be radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment and Chinese medicine, and so on, so as to extend survival time. Because chemotherapy often damage normal tissue, the small dose to a long course of treatment. Liver function is good, the gap may be in the dose treatment. (3) in patients with advanced: the vast majority of Chinese medicine and used to mainly low-dose chemotherapy. Silt at the end of Duzheng guitar, to Huayu detoxification, Xiaozheng Sanjie; Reduqing Yunjie, to Qingrejiedu, streaming liver Lidan; evil it is empty, this should Fuzheng pui. Also serve some optional treatment of liver cancer alone, the prescription.

What are the common chronic bronchitis complications

(1) obstructive pulmonary emphysema: bronchitis, chronic bronchitis the most common complication in patients with diffuse alveolar wall fibrous hyperplasia. Plus lumen stenosis and sputum obstruction, breath poor, it can occur obstructive pulmonary emphysema. (2) bronchial pneumonia: the spread of chronic bronchitis and bronchial surrounding lung tissue, patients have chills, fever, cough by drama, sputum volume increased, and was Nongxing. WBC and the total number of neutrophils increased. X-ray examination, two of lung field with a dot or small pieces of the shadow. (3) bronchiectasis: repeated attacks of chronic bronchitis, bronchial mucous membrane congestion, swelling, ulcer formation, the wall fibrous hyperplasia, more or less deformation of the lumen, expansion or narrow. Duocheng expansion of the core changes. Whooping cough, measles or pneumonia after the formation of columnar or cystic bronchiectasis Changcheng, and bronchitis caused by slower expansion as serious.

Limitations of clinical manifestations of cerebral infarction

Cerebral infarction seen more than middle-aged people, the majority have high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease or high blood lipid history, and some have already TIAs or stroke. Acute onset usually in the development of peak within a few hours. Xingzhuan part of patients in the early morning when found that abnormal. Side can be sick headache, with little drama headache, vomiting onset. Mainly in the following four categories. (A) main artery atherosclerosis in the artery wall infarction atherosclerosis on the basis of the development of thrombosis, or emboli, cause artery disease or hemisphere of the brain cortex, the cerebellum, the brain stem the loss of local functions. Specific symptoms, see above. Can have the same arterial system TIAs history. A small number of patients in the 24 hours after the onset the continued deterioration of a ladder or increase may be due to thrombosis in a loss of expansion or new emboli. (B) cardiac infarction suppository to see more young adults are sudden onset, can increase the ladder. Often have other brain artery TIAs, history of stroke or systemic embolism history. There the cause of cardiac embolism. (C) lacunar infarction or small arterial occlusive stroke development relatively slow, and some can be as long as 36-hour period and to gradually increase the peak. Infarction small in size, according to a specific location of the focal symptoms. (1) simple movement of stroke: the side, arm, leg, foot, toe paralysis, internal capsule hind legs or bridge, in the small ventral brain infarction. (2) pure feeling of stroke: the opposite feeling very good, is seen at the lateral hypothalamus abdominal lacunar. (3) ataxia of unilateral Qingtan: contralateral arm, the hand with a total economic obstacles Qingtan legs, ventral view of the bridge cerebral infarction. (4) dysarthria - clumsy hand: Speech unclear opposite hand and the activities of obstacles to bridge the ventral brain or internal capsule of the knee infarction. (5) with the unilateral expression aphasia Qingtan: internal capsule knee and forelimb infarction involving radiation near the crown white matter. (D) Other causes of cerebral infarction non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases, blood diseases, blood coagulation, and other rare causes abnormal due to ischemic stroke.

Arteriosclerosis of the clinical manifestations of cerebral infarction

Arteriosclerosis stroke, also known as atherosclerosis thrombosis stroke, brain atherosclerosis and thrombosis, cerebral vascular lumen stenosis or occlusion, leading to acute cerebral insufficiency, caused partial brain ischemic necrosis. Patients may appear hemiplegia, aphasia focal brain damage and other symptoms, an ischemic stroke. to the elderly. High-fat diet, diabetes, smoking, such as patients with a higher incidence rate. Caused cerebral vascular obstruction There are two main reasons: First, cerebral thrombosis, which is itself due to cerebral vascular lesions, often cerebral artery atherosclerosis so that the lumen endometrial rough, narrow the lumen, under certain conditions, such as Lower blood pressure, blood flow slow. Increased blood viscosity, such as platelet clotting factor in blood vessels can make the block, a cerebral thrombosis. The other is the cerebral embolism, it is other parts of the body of thrombosis loss, with the blood flow to the brain blood vessel blockage, caused cerebral embolism. Such emboli can be the vegetation from rheumatic heart disease, may also be fracture of the fat emboli, or blood into the air from air embolism, or loss of tumor cells formed tumors embolism, and so on. Cerebral thrombosis caused by cerebral infarction, the slow onset, often in quiet sleep or rest when, which may lower blood pressure and rest, of the slow flow. From the onset to peak condition to development, often take several minutes or even several days. And cerebral embolism caused by cerebral infarction, more than the onset Jizhou, often in seconds or minutes of the peak.

Radioactive pneumonia how to conduct home care »

(1) to give a positive psychological counseling, so that patients can maintain a good spirit, confidence in conquering the disease. Family members accompany patients to be more, to give life care. (2) attention should be paid to observe the patient's breathing frequency and depth, such as patients lips cyanosis, difficulty in breathing should be admitted semi-supine, given oxygen inhalation and conditions can infusion such as prednisone or dexamethasone, to ease Symptoms. (3) daily observation of temperature changes, mild fever can be 30 percent rubbing alcohol or warm water bath. Massage Yongquan Xue, He Guxue, Quchi Xue, who can be re-hormones, intravenous antibiotics. Chinese medicine can be cool Bupleurum injection, Chuanhuning, Qingkailing injection, and so on. (4) Note the changes in the patients cough and accompanied by symptoms, not easy to have the sputum Kechu, can pat his back, from a bottom-up help Expectoration. Oral licorice mixture, it Sou-ping. If a patient can not sleep dry cough, can be oral codeine 0.3 grams. (5) maintain indoor clean, fresh air, indoor temperature usually in the 18 ~ 20 ℃ suitable, humidity of 60% to 65% better. (6) Note time change clothes, bed sheets, blankets. Oral maintain clean, disease-resistant increase capacity, to prevent cross-infection. Smokers must quit.

Chlamydia pneumonia treatment

Chlamydia pneumonia treatment with the general principles of the treatment of pneumonia roughly the same. 1. Pay attention to strengthening the general care and treatment of rest, keep indoor air fresh and maintain an appropriate temperature and humidity. Maintain respiratory unobstructed and often turned the replacement position. Irritability can increase the lack of oxygen, it can be addressed to the appropriate amount of sedative drugs. Abundant supply of calories and rich in vitamins, easy to digest and absorb adequate food and water. 2. Antibiotic treatment (1) the ball, esters antibiotic erythromycin ①: Chlamydia pneumonia should be the preferred antibiotic erythromycin, the amount of 50 mg / (kg d), three to four times oral连用two weeks. Severe oral or not, can be intravenous. Tears up in the concentration of erythromycin, can also remove the nasopharynx Chlamydia trachomatis, can prevent the occurrence of pneumonia chlamydia trachomatis. ② roxithromycin or force in Romania: the amount of 5 ~ 8 mg / (kg d), at 2 behind fasting taken sooner or later, the linked two weeks. If in the course of treatment after a still coughing and fatigue can be No. 2 course. ③ azithromycin (sumamed): Nitrogen is a ring of lipid antibiotics, and the structure of the ring within the lipid similar antibiotics. Good oral absorption, the maximum serum concentration of 0.4 mg / L. Can be quickly distributed in various tissues and organs. Chlamydia-on role. After treatment, drug treatment can be maintained at the level of 5 ~ 7 d. t1 / 2 to 12 ~ 14 h, the daily oral one, a short course of treatment. The prototype drug to discharge bile. Antacids and drug delivery time interval of at least 2 h. Has not been found and theophylline class, oral anti-clotting drug, carbamazepine, phenytoin, digoxin, which are interactions. Children (weight 10 kg and above) the first day of every 10 mg / kg, a day after 4 d per 5 mg / kg, 1 of the Dayton service, its antibacterial activity at least 10 days. ④ A erythromycin (clarithromycin): Chlamydia pneumoniae in vitro treatment with lipid drug erythromycin Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and equally effective. (2) sulfa isoxazole (SIZ) the amount of 50 ~ 70 mg / (kg d), at two to four times orally, can be used for treatment of pneumonia chlamydia trachomatis. 3. To support the treatment of serious illness, the longer course, the infirm or malnutrition should lose their blood or plasma, or application of gamma globulin treatment, to enhance the body resistance.

Chlamydia pneumonia Summary

The pathogen known as the Taiwan over the past acute respiratory pathogens, are now renamed as Chlamydia pneumoniae (see 160). Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci similar, but without antigen. Chlamydia pneumonia caused by respiratory infections in Psittaci with different clinical, epidemiological nothing to do with the birds. May be passed between people breathe in the aerosol dissemination. Chlamydia trachomatis is 3 to 8-year-old baby a common cause of pneumonia, and in more The pneumonia in children and adults is not important reason. The pathogens can be found in 5 percent to 10 percent with community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly, and serious symptoms, the need hospital treatment. The pathogens can also be found in 5 percent to 10 percent of hospital-acquired pneumonia, but few understand its epidemiology .

Pregnant women with chlamydia how to do »

Maternal newborn with the impact of chlamydia If pregnant women are asymptomatic carriers of chlamydia, before delivery without examination and treatment, during childbirth may be producing neonatal infection, the cause of neonatal conjunctivitis or neonatal chlamydia pneumonia. By the middle of neonatal conjunctivitis neonatal infection chlamydia, the most common for conjunctivitis, may be the fastest on the 4th in the post-natal within 7-10 days, as the majority of morbidity, in the maternity hospital difficult to find. Conjunctivitis eye for the most outstanding performance marked face conjunctival redness, eye duo more. If Jianjie Mo taken from the eyes, can be found inclusion or chlamydia DNA, a diagnosis should be treated by a doctor. At present some ideas, have been found in the vagina of chlamydia pregnant women, hospitalized 10 days may be conditional, to help in hospitals found that neonatal conjunctivitis chlamydia. Chlamydia pneumonia and neonatal the middle of neonatal infection chlamydia can affect not only after the conjunctiva, can also spread to pharynx, while the proliferation of chlamydia in the conjunctiva can also be extended to pharynx, in the pharynx to the further spread of chlamydia The cause of neonatal respiratory chlamydia pneumonia. Chlamydia infection by the middle of the newborn, in case of any pneumonia, the majority in only two months after the onset of birth, it is difficult to think of is the middle tract infections. Newborns from infection to disease, there is no general symptoms, Shun ability to milk more weight in the normal development of the increase. Once in about two months after birth, a sudden inability to Shun milk, dry cough, weight stop growing, it is possible the neonatal chlamydia pneumonia, doctors have to ask if they can immediately find and immediate use of antibiotics Chlamydia ( Class erythromycin, can not be used in the treatment of penicillin or Vanguard) treatment, can be quickly restored, do not leave sequels. Whether there should pregnant women vaginal chlamydia as a routine inspection items China is not yet in the majority of pregnant women chlamydia as a routine check, while in developed countries has generally been conducted in China should quickly set up. Pregnant women during pregnancy as a check, should take the initiative to request the presence of chlamydia vaginal examination. In order to avoid early pregnancy abortion should check once or for the prevention of premature newborns by the middle tract infections, pregnancy between 30-32 weeks to check again. To check for at least two, if special circumstances should also increase the frequency of inspection. At present fast and accurate method is an increase of chlamydia DNA, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), general admission as long as vaginal secretion can be found. If no PCR equipment, can also search through the ELISA test antigen. Although the investigation of the antibody also useful, but not suitable for pregnant women on the one hand, the past has been infected with chlamydia, which do not currently carry, but also positive on the other hand, antibodies rather late, waiting for re-confirmed antibody-positive, Have affected early treatment. Therefore, as far as possible the necessary conditions to the hospital for an examination. Chlamydia carry on the treatment of pregnant women Once the inspection was positive chlamydia should be treated immediately to prevent premature abortion. Chlamydia sensitive to more types of drugs, but some drugs (such as tetracycline, wow Connaught ketone) the use of pregnant women taboo. In addition, the pioneer of penicillin and adriamycin on Chlamydia is invalid and should not be used. Currently available and effective drugs for the type of erythromycin, can be used carefully under the guidance of doctors. Must be noted that in the treatment of pregnant women at the same time, the spouse must also treated at the same time, because his wife with chlamydia, the spouse is also difficult to escape. If we do not cure the two sides at the same time, the husband of chlamydia can be passed on to carry pregnant women, like table tennis, like in-between husband and wife came to, can not be cured fundamentally. To Youshengyouyu, once found that pregnant women with chlamydia, the two sides meet, adhere to common medication two weeks, the inspections had chlamydia, can be assured.

Chlamydia pneumonia diagnosis

1. Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in 1975 was the beginning of neonatal chlamydia pneumonia, secondary to his card after Nongxing inclusion. The disease infected more from the mother of eye infection can be transmitted through nasal duct into respiratory tract. Symptoms after birth more than 2 to 12 weeks there, the slow onset, first performance of the upper respiratory tract infection, fever or no more than occasional low heat, and then a cough and shortness of breath, often a small suction-or wet La twist pronunciation, rare Breath and wheezing. Chest film shows extensive bilateral and interstitial pulmonary infiltration, over-inflated levy more common, it is occasionally the leaves change. Peripheral blood white blood cell count normal, eosinophilia. Throat swab from the nose must Guaqu to epithelial cells. Also available direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA), enzyme immunoassay test (EIA) detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen nasopharyngeal specimens. Serological examination of specific antibody diagnostic criteria for the double-serum antibody titers more than four times higher, or IgM> 1:32, IgG> 1:512. PCR technique can also be applied directly detect chlamydia DNA. 2. Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia or from contact with infected poultry in bird droppings, poultry raising, slaughter and sale of the occupational disease. The rare human infection. Pathogens from the secretions and excreta, the carrier can be a long time. Chlamydia psittaci enter the body through the respiratory tract, in single cells within the breeding and release toxins, disseminated by the blood flow to the lungs and body tissue, blood vessels and cause lung sound around the cell infiltration, hilar lymph nodes. The incubation period 6 ~ 14 d, the incidence was a cold-like symptoms, often 38 ~ 40.5 ℃ of fever, cough early for dry cough, after a sputum, difficulty breathing or light or heavy. The relative ease with veins, muscle-ache, chest pain, loss of appetite, occasional nausea and vomiting. Such as systemic infection, a central nervous system symptoms of infection or myocarditis performance, occasionally jaundice. Many liver, splenomegaly, and the need to typhoid fever, sepsis identification. Chest X-ray examination, from the periphery to the hilar, especially lung field down that middle ground glass-like shadow of a shadow-like. Peripheral blood WBC normal, ESR increase in the prevalence of early slightly faster. Pulmonary effusion swallowed up by the cells to be investigated see inclusion of chlamydia. Children with mild fever 3 ~ 7 d gradually retreat. In of 8 ~ ~ 14 d, severe 20 ~ 25 d cooling. After the weakened immune disease, relapse, it is reported relapse rate of 21 percent, then the infection rate of around 10 percent. 3. Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia clinical manifestations of this non-specific, and mycoplasma pneumonia楥similar. Onset ease, long course, the general symptoms of light, accompanied pharynx, laryngitis, and sinusitis characterized. Upper respiratory tract infection symptoms dissipated after a wet and dry La-such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Sustainable cough symptoms more than three weeks. Normal white blood cell count, chest film non-specific, multi-leaf for the unilateral invasion, expressed as segmental pneumonia, severe bilateral pneumonia was extensive. Chlamydia trachomatis pathogen inspection and pneumonia, from the lessons of nasopharyngeal airway or so cell culture, chlamydia pneumoniae positive. Or fluorescent light of Chlamydia pneumoniae specific monoclonal antibodies in the cell culture to identify the Chlamydia pneumoniae. Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA PCR test is more sensitive than culture, but with throat swab samples testing might not ideal, as serological testing Chlamydia pneumoniae specific antibody. Trace immunofluorescence (MIF) test for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae is the most sensitive. IgM in ≥ 1:16 or IgM antibody titers ≥ 1:512 or more than four times higher, diagnostic value.

Beware of chlamydia pneumonia at the turn of spring

At the turn of winter and spring, respiratory bacteria are active. At this time every year, the incidence of respiratory diseases are higher. Recently, because of a microorganism Chlamydia pneumonia caused by chlamydia cause for concern. Because of its early onset and relatively similar to flu, making many of its own filled with medical treatment, the disease has extended rehabilitation time. Recently, respiratory disease experts in particular drew attention to these diseases. Confined environment to increase the source of the disease Chlamydia pneumonia from the virus than the pathogenic microbes, bacteria smaller than chlamydia, as a eukaryotic cells in the original nuclear parasitic microbes, some of chlamydia have been classified as viruses, through respiratory secretions , Aerosols, direct contact with patients, as well as contact with sick birds or spread. Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital subsidiary lung, director of the Department of Science and doctoral tutor Professor Bai Chunxue told reporters, in general, these pathogenic microorganisms and the formation of the indoor environment closed, the air of the poor. In places with poor ventilation, floating in the air concentration is relatively high, easily generate chlamydia microorganisms. These micro-organisms Chlamydia can lead not only respiratory disease, can lead to urinary system diseases, and so on. Therefore, whether the family or office environment, should the regular window, maintain good ventilation and environmental sanitation. Early symptoms of fever continued As clothing mice with pneumonia and fever, cough, runny nose and other cold symptoms the same, many people in the early stage of treatment are often filled on its own, wasted the best opportunity for treatment of disease. Shanghai Second Medical University Ninth People's Hospital, associate professor of pediatrics director Gu Hongliang, chlamydia pneumonia and influenza is the biggest difference between chlamydia pneumonia and fever a long time. General flu often 35 days will be recovered, and Chlamydia pneumonia-fever time in more than three days, the maximum temperature may reach 40 degrees, but patients are often poor mental state, poor appetite, gastrointestinal disorders, the need to immediately Hospital for medical treatment. Guzhu Ren pointed out that if the children were diagnosed as pneumonia mice clothing, preferably less than or less to public places, can go out wearing masks to avoid infection. On the diet to eat more food Yi Xiaohua, and to increase certain nutritional supplements. Antibiotic treatment is effective Clothing mice against pneumonia treatment, experts believe that a well-targeted antibiotic treatment is very effective, such as azithromycin, erythromycin, but must be full, full of standardized treatment. The prevention of these diseases is not complicated. First, in accordance with a comprehensive respiratory disease prevention and treatment strategies to take measures, such as maintaining living and working environment ventilation, disinfection of indoor air, less staff to a crowded public places, according to the attention of cold weather warm, increasing outdoor Activities, enhance physical fitness, to maintain good personal and environmental hygiene. Professor Bai Chunxue also repeatedly stressed that the isolation source of infection, cutting off communication channels, reduce susceptibility to the crowd and improve their own immunity is particularly important.

Children look up to see how Chinese medicine

When you need to TCM diagnosis and treatment of children, we should actively cooperate with and assist the doctor as soon as possible in the inspection process, that accurate diagnosis, so that rational drug use, which is the key to treatment. Chinese medicine diagnosis is relying on the "four up," that is, looking up, it is consultation, Wenzhen, cut up to check the condition. For parents, should pay attention to things which can be a good doctor with the inspection work of the » Wang infants and young children not attending due to speak, even older children often can not accurately describe conditions Moreover Cunkou vein short, when treatment can not be another very good cooperation with the doctor, crying Luandong affected vein income, look up on it is particularly important . Pediatric history of Chinese medicine physician regarded as a first look up, saying that "the disease in children, will shape the outside." So can look look, Miao obsessed, fingerprints, the two will, to examination visceral disease. 1. Wang look: the observation of the facial expression and colors, parents should let children with facial expression, to maintain natural color. To appease the former treatment of children as much as possible to ease the tension in children's psychological, to enable children in a calm state visit, before attending to their children not to makeup, such as their children vigorous red face, red lips, encroaching Jiadeng, these children will be covered Face the true nature is not conducive to disease inspection. 2. Miao trial obsessed: Review including Wang Head, tongue, mouth, nose, ears, before and after the overcast. Chinese Wang tongue, the tongue fur and depends on Shezhi. In the treatment of infants, children not to eat too hot and too cold and color of food and drinks. 3. Banzhen debate: many diseases in children, measles can be. Treatment of children, parents need to look at whether Zhoushen rash, before the best medical treatment to children wearing soft and easy solution, and good from the clothes to facilitate medical examination. 4. Fingerprint check: Chinese medicine in children under the age of 3 check, fingerprints to see color changes. Children for medical treatment, to small hand wash, waiting at the small hand to maintain clean. 5. Review of it: the children's urine change on disease diagnosis certain sense, especially diarrhea sick child to a doctor, parents should take a fresh stool, to see a doctor and do laboratory for examination. If the urine is not normal, they should bring a bottle of the morning's first urine test checks.

Children look up to see how Chinese medicine

When you need to TCM diagnosis and treatment of children, we should actively cooperate with and assist the doctor as soon as possible in the inspection process, that accurate diagnosis, so that rational drug use, which is the key to treatment. Chinese medicine diagnosis is relying on the "four up," that is, looking up, it is consultation, Wenzhen, cut up to check the condition. For parents, should pay attention to things which can be a good doctor with the inspection work of the » Wang infants and young children not attending due to speak, even older children often can not accurately describe conditions Moreover Cunkou vein short, when treatment can not be another very good cooperation with the doctor, crying Luandong affected vein income, look up on it is particularly important . Pediatric history of Chinese medicine physician regarded as a first look up, saying that "the disease in children, will shape the outside." So can look look, Miao obsessed, fingerprints, the two will, to examination visceral disease. 1. Wang look: the observation of the facial expression and colors, parents should let children with facial expression, to maintain natural color. To appease the former treatment of children as much as possible to ease the tension in children's psychological, to enable children in a calm state visit, before attending to their children not to makeup, such as their children vigorous red face, red lips, encroaching Jiadeng, these children will be covered Face the true nature is not conducive to disease inspection. 2. Miao trial obsessed: Review including Wang Head, tongue, mouth, nose, ears, before and after the overcast. Chinese Wang tongue, the tongue fur and depends on Shezhi. In the treatment of infants, children not to eat too hot and too cold and color of food and drinks. 3. Banzhen debate: many diseases in children, measles can be. Treatment of children, parents need to look at whether Zhoushen rash, before the best medical treatment to children wearing soft and easy solution, and good from the clothes to facilitate medical examination. 4. Fingerprint check: Chinese medicine in children under the age of 3 check, fingerprints to see color changes. Children for medical treatment, to small hand wash, waiting at the small hand to maintain clean. 5. Review of it: the children's urine change on disease diagnosis certain sense, especially diarrhea sick child to a doctor, parents should take a fresh stool, to see a doctor and do laboratory for examination. If the urine is not normal, they should bring a bottle of the morning's first urine test checks.

Children look up in looking to

"-Should be asked as the yin and yang theory": "good consultations, review of other first-Anmo yin and yang, the trial Qingzhuo Erzhi part, depending on breathing, listening to voices of suffering from Erzhi, Erzhi concept of balancing the rules of the Lord." Click Although the appointment of law-statement of major, but especially children with the most appropriate. One look up the diagnosis of paediatric great significance. Have the children look up looking like the following to content. One of the causes of various diseases in children with facial complexion of the relationship To understand the causes of various diseases in children, we must first detailed examination of children with facial complexion. Because his face is 12 by the Federation of places, according to "all in all, will form" the principle of five internal organs in the face, the face from the corresponding five, five colors to be felt. Review pediatric facial complexion of the five internal organs will be able to understand the disease. 5, the head of Tianting the heart, chin angle of kidney and spleen are quasi-nose, Youjia of lung, liver Zuojia is. Green is colored red huangbai black and dirty to be fair, more green liver disease, heart disease and more Chise, Pibing more yellow, white and more lung, kidney and more black. Syndrome to be fair, the most significant green Jingfeng Syndrome; more significant is the large red hot Syndrome; yellow significantly more injured spleen injury is wet fresh injury Syndrome, the most significant white Deficiency-Cold Zheng Syndrome ; Significant number of black pain, but more danger of dioxin. In addition, long-term predecessors in the clinical practice of pediatric facial complexion from the changes can be detected for the new disease and prognosis. Such as gas-gloss, multi-colored clear is the new disease, permits more easily Qinger rule-dark complexion, colored cloud Hui, permits multiple and difficult to cure. However, the sharp sense of Waixie Syndrome, but there is no prejudice Huian, Jiubing the deficit, colors are more critical Jiao-yan. 2 can be used Wuxing Health-Croatian relations to determine the severity of the disease Observation of the facial complexion, but also in accordance with the Five Elements of Health to determine the relationship between grams of the severity of the disease Shunni. General five colored with the Five Elements of Health for Shun, contrary to the five elements of the inverse grams. To Pibing as an example, the spleen in the five elements of earth, it is the normal yellow color, in the course of the disease, see if the red is the symbol of fire immature soil, most with cards, light card, the prognosis is good. Instead, see if the green is the symbol of wood grams of soil, and more for the re-certification, the inverse cards, and more bad prognosis. Other dirty disease, can also use this rationale to inference. Another example is not bad qi and blood, in parts of the health situation, although Waixie help patients, but also easy to treatment, if Jiubing weak qi and blood, and the hue grams, the most upright Buzhi per difficult Su Yu. 3 certification is in the attention from the development trend of the disease Examination in children, not only have to pay attention to now permit, but also pay attention to now permit the development of disease trends. For example Tianting site is now dark green, is about to be Jingfeng Syndrome performance. See most of the red card fever, see the mostly black poor prognosis. See the green parts of the sun, most of Jingfeng Syndrome, if such a green spread to the ears, then a more sinister Syndrome and difficult treatment. Yintang see green the color green will see Diarrhea, with Ti-hot panic disturbing panic diarrhoea card. Chi Mei under the wind, the current gas tank, there are more green Jingfeng. Met with purple and vomiting for more than Shangni card. Also, two of the eyebrow color green, is a disease-free normal color. If Shuangmei see red, then more is Fanre Syndrome. Department of nose-to see the red, spleen, as there is more heat, if the event of a black, and more died of a permit. Red lips, spleen, as there is more heat, the white color is more spleen as a cold. Redness of the left parotid gland, liver, as there is more heat; right redness of the gills, most of Feiretansheng; pulp for the site to see green, most of Jingfeng disease; if there is black, and more are on Chanmian For the seizure of refractory card. 4 Conclusion These are the basic knowledge examination in children, pediatric clinic of the basic links. But for the children dumb Branch, the color look Diagnosis According to the law sometimes, and sometimes it can not, Yibi identify causes of the long trial Miao obsessed, micro-fingerprint, static post-mortem witness, and aware of sound, smell, the four consultation with the Senate, To make a correct diagnosis.

Diarrhea in children look up when, what significance Qiefu

Wang, Wen, asked all collectively referred to as "the four consultation," Chinese medicine is the primary means of disease diagnosis, clinical these four aspects can not be Pianfei, can not be seen in isolation of a connection, it should be four examinations of the Senate and coordinate with each other. However, due to have their children with physical, features, growth, development and disease response to both adults are different, and baby milk will not words, the older children often can not tell condition and the treatment is always crying downtown, the impact of pulse Atmosphere, causing difficulties to the diagnosis, the pediatric medical history are home to look up, Qiefu, and in these areas and has accumulated a wealth of experience, so that means more of dialectical variety. Yuk Sau old money look up Chinese medicine, Qiefu experiences are as follows: diarrhea stool Tang folder with foam, or the color green color Danlv, Changminglulu, intermittent crying, and more for the evil Yun-intestinal, to be used Qufeng drugs; Diarrhea falling into that green stool, water and more, and more to hurt the Piyang; stool with more mucus, for more evil than the very wet, empirical Most of Deficiency Xianci anus if I were not red mixture of cold and heat for more ; Stool with egg patterns, yellow or light yellow color, anus, mouth Danhong more than a spleen deficiency folder Lag; stool at the anal pain, anal cleft lipstick, more than a hot permits partial and not consistent with the overall symptoms, the actual situation is more inclusions The permits do not dilute Pingsu stem-stool, that is, eating a little careless with the stool or abdominal pain dilute Tang Yin Yin, is the spleen deficiency syndrome; abdominal Penglong, after expanding by diarrhoea, according to the hardware and pain, is to call the Shenyang , Is Sizhi, while the bulging belly while the soft, not reduce diarrhoea after the expansion, such as the call of the drum, a gas stagnation; abdominal depression, abdominal relaxation, dry skin, dry lips thirsty, Niaoshao, less-Shehong , For Jinye big injury; spirit Weidun, looking pale and limbs Jueleng, abdominal Au such as boat, diarrhoea dilute the quality instead of foul water, desalination moss white tongue, for Diarrhea-injury. Jinshao text of the old Chinese said: Differentiation to the first re-look up, not only detect expression, symptoms, tongue fur, and so the overall situation, especially anal-color, fold and feces traits, such as partial changes, as the main basis for the diagnosis. Look up his experience as follows: Heat crash: accompanied by fever, looking at Chek red, yellow or white Shehong moss and tired, if the moss thin hot and humid while the lighter, thick, hot and humid heavier. Anus see swelling red color, fold Biancu, such as color Purpurin, fold rough and hard swollen, hot and humid for the heavier signs. The feces of urgency, yellow, or water samples, with mucus, abusive hot gas smell, the color yellow urine Chek short Shibuya. Han crash: each see chills, looking grey, make them apathetic, or thin white tongue fur Baini, Wan abdominal swelling soft; anal fold Chao-viscosity, then under the green or light yellow, light green, with a bubble, its flavor-Xing , Urine-long. Fresh injury crash: that irritability, bad breath Aiqi, nose-with red, Penglong abdominal pain, fever palms, tongue fur Baini or white roughness; Danhong around the anus, light yellow-colored stool, a folder Bu Xiaohua food (or milk block), Weisuan foul. Spleen deficiency crash: that looking white or Wei Huang, Juan Shenpi limb, or slightly swollen limbs, abdominal distention and soft, fat-tongue is Chihen short, thin white tongue coating; slightly swollen anal not red, falling flu; stool Tang thin, With food residue or milk tablets. Second, such as urine meters more for the spleen and stomach Qi Gan; dry skin, looking grey stagnation, spiritual burnout, less-Shehong, anal fold relaxation falling, abdomen sag, abdominal relaxation, feces on line 3 to 5 times, Zhuangru duck Dung, is Jinye big injury; looking white Wuhua, the spirit of extreme fatigue, for a cold sweat, limbs Jueleng, tongue moss white light, such as abdominal Au boat, flexibility disappear, Tuogang No, they dilute the water if not stinky, or short Green folders are residues, compared with less than yang, the spleen and stomach Deficiency-Cold Zheng card. Wang Pengfei old Chinese medicine also caused diarrhea in children under the palate on each part of the color changes to speculate diarrhea actual situation of cold and heat. If the palate before (in front of the palate, the back of incisors), after the palate (located on the palate and around the throat) are dark red, two molars (located on the palate on both sides of the molars) yellow, red, in column (referring to On the palate after the middle of the past to a line) Danbai, as is heat, heat rule when宜用Jianpi benefit distribution Zhixie; such as the palate before the palate after all the pink, two molars, Rubai, in-Rubai, Deficiency-Cold Zheng type, rule-to-date prescription for warming spleen and kidney, gut-Zhixie if diarrhea in children, molars and thick, milky white, that heavy diarrhea, spleen and kidney virtual loss, illness weight. In addition, the ancient physician also on the people, Yintang, etc. The color changes, made a more detailed observation, noted that people in the yellow color is often fresh Tuxie injury, illness heavier black color.

Wu Yu Fu Qi can be scattered and governance diarrhea in children

Compatibility of the use of Chinese medicine into the "Miss Yu casual" Fuqi therapy, dyspepsia, lactose intolerance disease, rotavirus infections and other bacterial infections, increase the number of stool, abdominal discomfort, and other causes diarrhea in infants Have a better effect. "Wu Yu casual" including rutaecarpine, cloves, wood, cinnamon, Cangzhu, gallnut, and other Chinese herbal medicines. Chinese medicine believes that rutaecarpine, clove Xin heat, with the exception of Han Ou Wen stomach; costunolide Weiwen, San stagnation and stomach-wind; hot cinnamon Xin, Tongmai, the prescription for warming; Cangzhu bitter temperature, Jianpi Zaoshi, sweating in width; gallnut Weisuan cold convergence Guse; vinegar also have the effect of convergence Guse. Fuqi combination of these drugs can Tongshen Que Point, a ventilation Zaoshi invigorate the spleen and abdominal distention for lifting the effectiveness of qi and blood, gastrointestinal function to achieve the purpose of medical treatment. Families to use: Drugs: rutaecarpine three grams, 1.5 grams cloves, wood 1.5 grams, Cangzhu three grams, cinnamon three grams, 10 grams gallnut. Methods: a total of more than drug inquiry into Ximo, blending amount of vinegar added for a pasty, Fuyu umbilical, with tape or伤湿止痛膏strict closure fixed, the dressing was changed every two days 1. If there are serious diarrhea symptoms of dehydration, both oral rehydration salts.

Wang fingerprint children

Wang is the fingerprint of the special pediatric diagnosis method, commonly used in the 3-year-old child within. Because of the short clock child care, each more crying when Diagnosis and easy to Qiemo missing the truth, at this time is expected attendance fingerprint. Wen refers to venae (superficial vein) in the Tiger's Mouth to the index finger on the lower three, the last section I, for the Tiger's Mouth, "Commissioner of the wind" (also known as Guan Yin), section II as "gas Guan" (also known as Mao Guan) , For the third quarter, "Commissioner of life" (also known as Guan-chen). Wen to the next issue of clearance for light wind disease, Wen see in the solar terms, the Commissioner for seriously ill and profiling see the Commissioner of life danger for those permits, straight through the three-who for the most danger of the disease. If the sequence of floating, the disease in the table; sequence of Shenyang, then, the disease. It should be noted that in the post-mortem fingerprint, it should be used Dazhi side, three-Qingqingdetui index finger in children, from life to push the wind customs clearance and must not Congfeng customs clearance to life. Normal fingerprint, is more Danhongyinyin, Commissioner of not more than wind. Fingerprint Syndrome, Chinese medicine and more generally as "PM10 points table, cold and heat Purpurin identified, the actual situation with short, three-set level of" sentence. The so-called PM10-table, or fingerprint is shown floating, or floating clock for the card table; if fingerprints ups and downs Yinxian, the equivalent of Shen clock, as in the cards. Identified by color and short lag, the diagnosis of the cold and heat actual situation permits: Sedan such as fingerprints, for more than Deficiency Syndrome, cold syndrome, can be found in the spleen and stomach weak, the sick child malnutrition. Such as red floating Lu, mostly Exogenous cold, can be found at accompanied by fever, Wuhan, cough, runny nose of infectious diseases at the beginning. Fingerprint purplish red-hidden, mostly in the heat, can be found in high fever, cough and asthma of bronchial pneumonia and other diseases. Wen Jing Feng PC-12 can be found at the twitch of a dynamic wind permits. Fingerprint Danqing, more common in virtual wind permits, both Chinese water loss Ou, China's long-long spit, spit violent storms China, spleen deficiency caused liver wind, hand, foot cramps and other symptoms. Pallida color, and more are Xure, can be found at the consumption of chronic diseases such as tuberculosis. If the fingerprint Purple stagnation, pushing the sluggish, slow to return, more common in Tanshi, Sizhi, Yu heat, was seriously ill; heat in the process of sexually transmitted diseases, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, or violent storms spit China, heart and lung failure, Yu blood, hypoxia, fingerprint dark stagnation, Chun She cyanotic.

Bu Xiaohua baby, try pinch of plot

"I do not want injections, I do not want to take medicine!……" Whenever the baby indigestion, anorexia, they cried out that the parents Fannan. But you know, there is a way to let the children do not take medicine and injections can not rehabilitation » This is the massage uphold China's 150-year history on the basis of modern technology and the integration of children with the pinch of plot. This method is the yin and yang, the five elements of Chinese medicine, science and other meridian theory, with children through a bottom-up pinch on the back of the Du Channel, the bladder on the point, to adjust the yin and yang therapeutic purposes. Zheng Jun, director of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Pediatric said: "The Chinese believe that the overcast abdominal, back to Yang, Du Channel in the back, is in the Yang Yang, pinch Datuk clock can play a role in encouraging the yang. Viscera points in the bladder After, the pinch with the bladder to stimulate acupoints viscera, so pinch plot of the treatment of indigestion, diarrhea, and not the spleen and stomach, slow growth and development are very good results. After years of research and clinical studies confirm that the pinch of plot Children can also improve anemia, increased appetite, strong body. In addition, this method can act on the nervous system, the treatment of children with Yeti. Opposed to Western medicine, pinch plot without injections of medication to alleviate the suffering of the children. " Zhengzhu Ren said that the pinch in children for six days is the plot a course of treatment, each with 10 pinch times are am, because at Melhado yang, the effect Caihao. Under normal circumstances, to March 4 days, anorexia children will have a sense of hunger. Of course, for different patients, pinch plot will be relatively different treatment, the doctor will be in accordance with the child's condition, such as the extent to dilute the stool dry, with scattered internal Feng Xiaoji, external Feng Relieving Blood Stasis Gaodeng comprehensive treatment Law, supplemented with a pinch of practice. In addition, the doctor will be on some child support practices massage therapy. In addition to the digestive system diseases, pinch plot of massage on children with respiratory diseases also have a good effect.

Cracked the secret baby hyperhidrosis

Often have parents with children to pediatric treatment, tell your baby no matter summer or winter, always love sweating. Parents always want to know the reasons for the baby sweating, worried that your baby is sick. Generally, babies than adults love sweating Khan is secreted by the skin of sweat glands, sweat glands that regulate body temperature of human skin structure important one. Children period due to strong metabolism, in peacetime activity, especially infants and young children is greater moisture content of skin, skin surface microvascular more distribution, so evaporation of moisture from the skin is also more. Besides the hot and cold in children's self-regulating capacity is rather poor, even if love is also sweating at night, this is quite normal. Special baby hyperhidrosis, normal or abnormal All babies sweat glands secreting excessive sweating said. Hyperhidrosis baby from the reasons are two-fold: physiological and pathological sweating hyperhidrosis. Normal reasons Most babies hyperhidrosis is a normal, physiological medicine known as hyperhidrosis. As a result of hot summer weather in children hyperhidrosis; infants and young children just fall asleep, head and neck sweating, sleeping on the decrease after Khan; baby games, Paotiao after sweating, general good; winter baby clothes Chuande too much at night Quilt covered in thick, and indoor air-conditioning temperature is too high, making baby overheat, sweat more. Some babies sweating limited to the head of the Department, commonly known as "Zhenglong head", is also physiological sweating, parents have to worry about. The reasons for non-normal As baby certain diseases caused by excessive sweating, performance or quiet evening for a night's sleep after a lot of sweat, sweat wetting can be more pillows, clothing, called the "pathological sweating." Activities such as rickets in infants, children with active TB, children with low blood sugar, eat cooling drug overdose and mental factors, such as over-excitement, fear, and so on. Some babies are endocrine diseases (such as hyperthyroidism, and so on), can cause pathological sweating. Apart from the disease each sweating more, there are a variety of other diseases performance, parents need to bring your baby to the hospital for medical treatment, further to do the inspection. (1) activities of rickets. An infant under the age of hyperhidrosis, the lack of outdoor activities, if not the sun, no time to add cod liver oil, Gaifen, parents should observe the baby apart from hyperhidrosis, are associated with rickets other manifestations, such as the night crying, sleep in a pillow Bian Kubian shaking his head, which appeared Hou Naoshao occipital hair loss laps (see also pillow bald), Table Tennis head (the occipital bone soft, like a palpable sense of touch table tennis), the cranial (head protruding forehead of a square box-shaped) , The former Xin and closed the door, and so on the evening performance. Parents should bring your baby to the hospital to test doctors to the diagnosis. ……>>> Rickets the 11 erroneous viewpoints (2) children with active TB. Babies are often not only Qianban Ye Khan, before dawn Houban Ye also hyperhidrosis, called "night sweats." Weina are poor at the same time, the afternoon low heat (some high fever), faces Chaohong, suffering from weight loss, and some cough, hepatosplenomegaly, swollen lymph nodes and other performance. Often have a history of exposure to tuberculosis, the elderly at home, parents or nannies with tuberculosis. (3) low blood sugar. Hot summer days are often found, the baby sweating, refused to eat at night, woke up early morning make them apathetic. For the sorry performance of children with anxiety, looking pale and a cold sweat, and even sweat Lin Li, chills, and other limbs. (4) pediatric endocrine diseases (such a rare disease caused hyperhidrosis). Such as hyperthyroidism多见children with school-age children, girls and more. Can be expressed as hyperhidrosis, irritable mood, appetite and body weight by hyperthyroidism, flustered, palpitations, and even prominent, and other eye. Obesity baby can easily sweat, Dong Yidong or walk normally take on hyperhidrosis. (5) other children with acute and chronic infectious diseases can also cause sweating. At the same time with other clinical manifestations: such as typhoid fever, sepsis, like rheumatism, connective tissue disease, or blood diseases such as lupus erythematosus. Hyperhidrosis baby, how to care for her mother ● If my mother found baby sweating, it should first find the causes of hyperhidrosis. If this is the physiological hyperhidrosis, mothers do not have to worry too much, remove the outside world as long as the baby hyperhidrosis of the factors leading to it. Hot summer to be the regular window, conditional to use a fan or air conditioning, not to pay attention to the wind blowing directly in front of your baby, especially after the baby fell asleep, the skin pores open, on a Khan, the wind blowing directly to Shouliang. ● attention to your baby's clothes and was covered. We advocate more babies than adults to wear a clothes, baby immunity from childhood training. Some mothers in the winter cold hands Momo children, the children go all out to add clothing, wear several pieces of sweaters also wear Mianao, cotton trousers, covered at several bed quilts. Need to know your baby to wear or cover too much so that the large number of baby sweat, sweat clothes were wet, and not replaced in time, babies with their own body temperature Wu wet and dry clothes, anti-Yi Shou Liang caused by a cold fever and cough. Sweating serious baby, due in excessive loss of water will cause dehydration. ● parents need time to add water to the baby, the best short drip-feeding, because the baby sweating like adults, in addition to loss of moisture, also lost a certain amount of sodium, chlorine, potassium and other electrolytes. Short drip fed to the baby can add water and sodium, chlorine, such as salt, electrolyte balance of the body, to avoid dehydration caused by collapse. ● parents should be promptly wiped away the sweat baby body. Conditional family, should be addressed to the baby wipe bath or shower, timely replacement of underwear, briefs. Delicate baby skin, excessive sweat accumulate in the skin fold at the neck, armpit, groin, etc., can lead to skin fester and cause skin infections. ● baby found hyperhidrosis, whether mothers should be carefully observed with other symptoms, time to go to the hospital treatment, treatment of diseases caused hyperhidrosis. Activities such as infants and young children have rickets and hyperhidrosis, can go to the hospital treatment of oral Gaifen cod liver oil and, more to the sun and other outdoor activities. Summer morning suddenly discovered that children with a sweat, no fever, looking pale and make them apathetic, cold extremities, should consider the possibility of low blood sugar, syrup to feed at home first and then immediately go to the hospital, further treatment. ● Chinese medicine treatment. General medicine can be no separate treatment of babies hyperhidrosis. Can eat or decoction of proprietary Chinese medicines to help antiperspirants. Such as Radix Pseudostellariae 15 grams, 15 grams of astragalus Sunburn, red dates only 6-8, Jiantang oral. Chongfu Astragalus particles granules, not fried. Rickets can have the baby, such as Chongfulongmu Zhuanggu granules.

DVD edema outlined

Past that only because of increased intracranial pressure caused by swelling of the optic disc called the optic disc swelling, inflammation of the optic disc non-obstructive edema, about 80 percent because of intracranial lesions caused by others such as inflammation, trauma, or congenital cranial Can cause deformities, such as orbital. As the name of disk edema and does not reflect the clinical signs and pathology, to the optic disc swelling (Swelling of the optic disc) to replace. Hayern The results do not agree with congestion nipple (optic disc oedema) refers specifically to intracranial hypertension induced by the optic disc edema that caused by other reasons, because they do not have what essentially different.

Edema of the optic disc complications

Try to find causes and treatment. Early brain tumor surgery should be removed. Symptomatic treatment, including hypertonic dehydration agent, as can be ruled out intracranial lesions, diagnosed as vasculitis DVD disk edema, corticosteroids can be achieved good results. On with a severe headache and optic neuropathy, dehydration agent ineffective treatment options decompression or shunt, in particular false brain tumor. Past continuous lumbar puncture, temporal muscle under decompression, the orbital decompression of optic nerve sheath cut, only to relieve the pressure of the moment, are advocating more use of lumbar abdominal points magic. Monitoring their status as functional optional Farnsworth-Munsell 100 color auditions and VEP.

The pathogenesis of disk edema

Intracranial hypertension is generally believed that the cerebrospinal fluid through subarachnoid to the optic nerve conduction intrathecal, the optic nerve caused the hypertension, and destroyed the normal optic nerve axoplasmic transport on which the intraocular pressure and the pressure within the optic nerve between the pressure gradient, the optic nerve sheath Omentum cavity under high pressure, may also lead to the deformation and displacement sieve, sieve also caused the pressure on the optic nerve axon. In addition, the optic nerve axoplasmic transport occurred in the sieve block, causing the axons sieve before the swelling and expansion of the optic disc edema. That is not the main reason for cell edema (swelling or organization glial gap accumulation), but because of the speed of axoplasmic flow two-phase occurred in the sieve block of axoplasmic accumulation of particles produced and compact size-so that the shaft Cable itself swelling. Only a edema in the disk around the optic nerve and intracranial meningeal cavity structure of the existence of a clear, if these meningeal tumor cavity adhesion or obstruction, blocking side will not happen optic disc edema. In the event of disk edema, such as the optic nerve has been shrinking, no edema nerve fibers do not exist in the optic disc swelling, as there are still remnants of a nerve fiber optic disc edema can occur. Unilateral optic disc edema and congenital or acquired partial optic nerve sheath abnormalities may be related to common diseases such as due to local inflammation, ischemic optic neuropathy or orbital was pressure. Also the so-called unilateral, bilateral optic disc is edema of the asymmetry it, simple negligence fundus easy to check.

The cause of optic disc edema

Because the reasons for his disk edema, a total of mechanism is sometimes different, hypertensive encephalopathy can not increased intracranial pressure, but partially due to ischemic optic disc, renin - angiotensin - aldosterone, and so played a major role. As the front of the ischemic disease due to interference as the optic disc blood supply, the pace of axoplasmic flow was caused by blocking. First, increased intracranial pressure * 1. Intracranial lesions (brain tumor, subdural and epidural hematoma, etc.) * 2. Fake brain tumor ⑴ leave primary brain tumor ⑵ secondary (severe head injury, * subarachnoid hemorrhage) 3. Inflammation * ⑴ meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess ⑵ Green - Barre syndrome 4. Uremia 5. Skull stenosis * 6. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations 7. Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with higher CO2 8. Allergic serious brain lesions, such as bee stings 9. Cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord with increased tumor Second, the normal pressure 1. Congenital anomalies DVD 2.Leber optic neuropathy 3. Inflammation optic neuropathy ⑴ optic disc Yan ⑵ around the optic nerve inflammation * 4. Ischemic optic neuropathy 5. Toxic optic neuropathy, such as lead poisoning, methanol poisoning, etc. 6. Orbital oppression optic neuropathy (such as thyroid optic neuropathy) 7. Infiltration of optic neuropathy ⑴ leukemia ⑵ lymphoma ⑶ multiple myeloma ⑷ type of hyperlipidemia 8. Partial vascular neuropathy ⑴ malignant hypertension ⑵ central retinal vein occlusion ⑶ venous stasis of the retina diseases (ischemic) ⑷ optic disc vasculitis ⑸ young diabetic optic neuropathy ⑹ hypotony ⑺ vitreous traction ⑻ uveitis 9. Mucopolysaccharide disease

Coronary heart disease is hereditary diseases?

Coronary heart disease is genetic disease, is not a very prescribed concept, but at home and abroad large epidemiological study results showed that the incidence of coronary heart disease have obvious familial. One of the parents suffering from coronary heart disease, its prevalence rate for children with normal parents of two times their parents are suffering from coronary heart disease, its prevalence rate for children of parents four times the normal; if both parents at a young age are suffering from coronary heart disease , His close relatives the chance to get sick five times in this situation without the family. Study the pathogenesis, it is not very clear, and may be related to the following factors: (1) autosomal dominant genetic caused by the family of hyperlipidemia is that these family members susceptible to the disease one of the reasons (2) some Coronary heart disease risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity characteristics, character traits, such as severance-tendency, that is, family members susceptible to the disease can not be ignored important factors (3) the same family in the impact of adverse living habits, such as the common High fat, high-calorie, high-salt diet, smoking parents smoking or passive smoking caused their children's bad habits, etc., can cause coronary heart disease tend to the family. More scholars believe that coronary heart disease has obvious characteristics of the family, a variety of factors is the result. Genetic factors are internal reasons, it only and other risk factors combined, can increase the incidence of coronary heart disease.

The attention of patients with coronary heart disease

As the nutrition supply to the heart blood vessels - in coronary atherosclerosis, the cause of vascular lumen narrow or even close, leading to myocardial ischemia, hypoxia and the impact on heart function, resulting in heart disease called coronary atherosclerosis and Heart disease, referred to as coronary heart disease. Mainly for angina, arrhythmias, heart failure, sudden death may be. ECG, myocardial enzyme determination, radionuclide inspection and coronary angiography to further clarify the diagnosis. Control of blood pressure, blood lipids, weight and smoking cessation can effectively prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease and development. Patients should be used under the guidance of doctors and anti-angina drugs inhibiting platelet aggregation, if necessary, for coronary angioplasty and the aorta - coronary artery bypass surgery, quite good results. NOTES: 1. Eat animal fat and high cholesterol content of foods such as egg yolks, Yuzi, such as animal offal. Less meat, more fish and soybean products, eat more vegetables and fruits. 2. Fanliang control, weight control. 3. Restrict the intake of salt per day to 10 grams (2 money) following suitable. 4. Hypertension if the physician should take a long time under the guidance of antihypertensive drugs, to maintain normal blood pressure or lower level. 5. Do not smoke, drink restraint. 6. A law of life, avoid excessive tension and emotional fluctuations. Maintain smooth stool, adequate sleep. 7. To do minor sports, such as a tai chi, do Guangbo Cao, such as walking. 8. Standing ease angina drugs, to use at any time. If it has continued to ease pain or medication can not be immediately to the nearest hospital emergency room.

Hemorrhagic newborns and late-life K deficiency.

Hemorrhagic newborn is a result of vitamin K-dependent clotting factor physiological attributable to the decline in the self-limited disease, the normal full-term infants after birth in more than two to five days disease, premature infants can be extended to two to three weeks disease, bleeding site多见to digestive tract. Hemorrhagic neonatal morbidity due to the lack of neonatal vitamin K, so that clotting factor Ⅱ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ (the clotting factor necessary for the synthesis of vitamin K participation, also known as vitamin K-dependent factor) in less than a full liver , Thus leading to bleeding. Cause of neonatal vitamin K deficiency of the reasons: ⑴ from normal food in addition to direct access to vitamin K, the intestinal bacteria can be part of, but the newborn at the time of birth, no intestinal bacteria, so little synthesis of vitamin K; ⑵ vitamin K And rely on the absorption of bile, but especially the newborn premature infants bile acid in low and affected the absorption of vitamin K; ⑶ Chinai newborn infants less than in breast milk and low content of vitamin K (vitamin K content in breast milk for 15 μ g / L, milk for 60 μ g / L). Hemorrhagic newborns for the majority of cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, or performance to vomit blood samples of coffee, black or Taibiandaixue it, followed by skin, umbilical hemorrhage. It is worth noting that, where the regular hospital births are generally routine preventive injection of vitamin K, so in fact the incidence of this disease is not very high, for the main measures is also injection of vitamin K. Late vitamin K deficiency more common in birth after 1 to 2 months of exclusive breastfeeding of infants, exclusive breastfeeding to vitamin K intake is insufficient main reason for the incidence and impact of diarrhea vitamin K absorption and use of antibiotics, sulfa drugs inhibit Gastrointestinal normal flora, a decrease of vitamin K in the gut of the incentives is often. Late vitamin K deficiency Changbiaoxianwei acute cerebral hemorrhage, children looking pale and irritable crying, convulsions, consciousness unclear, dangerous conditions, poor prognosis. So some people advocate of March within the breast-feeding babies, especially diarrhea or frequent use of antibiotics to a monthly injection of vitamin K, to prevent the onset of the disease.

Newborns to the differential diagnosis of hyperlipidemia

With the newborn within one week after birth due to other reasons for the bleeding of identification: (1) gastrointestinal bleeding: should swallow syndrome, congenital peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal infection and deformities, such as identification. Pharyngeal syndrome is the birth mother, Yan Xia, the production of blood, blood, such as amniotic fluid, the Health and occurred shortly after vomiting, a brown vomit, may have blood in the stool, but little blood, gastric lavage after antiemetic , Non-clotting mechanisms obstacles. In addition, the base degeneration test can be used to identify maternal and infant blood, blood children with fetal hemoglobin (strong anti-alkaline), the maternal blood containing adult hemoglobin (anti-alkaline weak). From vomit diluted with water, rotating from suspension after five, plus 1% sodium hydroxide 1, 1 to 2 minutes after the observation, brown for maternal, infant red for the blood. Early congenital peptic ulcer and gastric perforation, necrotizing enterocolitis at the same time gastric involvement, may have vomited up blood, blood in the stool; labor in the suffocation caused by hypoxia acute stress ulcer, a lot can vomit blood, blood in the stool, these diseases are No blood coagulation mechanisms obstacles. (2)-traumatic bleeding: the birth occurred in the first open position, after health, but with this disease often causal relationship, or existence, mutual heavier condition. (3) congenital ITP: one week after birth in internal bleeding, but significant reduction in platelets. (4) other congenital or acquired coagulation disorder: ① other congenital lack of clotting factor fibrinogen and congenital deficiency, are life-long disease, through blood transfusion although improved, still relapse, confirmed the need to rely on specific coagulation Inspection, and this is of a temporary, once cured, no recurrence. ② all kinds of infection, scleredema, pulmonary hemorrhage, can disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by bleeding, were acquired in the incidence of bleeding before have there, bleeding occurred rather late, and the disease early in the new-born, natural Bleeding different. (5) Other: hemorrhage such as umbilical cord and should not bear ligation, umbilical granulomas, such as infection or bleeding caused by differential. Vaginal bleeding with fake menstrual identification. Rare hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia occurred in the early neonatal bleeding.