Acute renal failure What are the main clinical manifestations?

Acute renal failure (ARF) clinical manifestations usually can be summarized in three types: (1) Urine-ARF to oliguria (urine output of less than 400 ml / day) or no urine (urine output of less than lOOml / day) for the notable feature Generally after oliguria (or no urine period), polyuria and phase three clinical stage of recovery. Oliguria period usually last three days to -1 months, an average of about 10 days or so, oliguria period mainly as follows: ①performance for the whole body edema. High blood pressure, and so on. Pulmonary edema, cerebral edema and often life-threatening heart failure is the main cause death original resistance; ② electrolyte imbalance: including hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia and high phosphorus hyperlipidemia; hyperkalemia death often oliguria first reason; ③ metabolic acidosis: acidic metabolites in the body caused by accumulation of infection and organizations to undermine can acidosis increase. Acidosis can be in terms of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, drowsiness, breathing deep and so serious, there will be the shock, blood pressure decreased ④ uremic symptoms: accumulation of toxins in the body caused by the system of systemic poisoning symptoms . Denitrification systems include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea, etc.; respiratory include difficulty breathing, coughing, chest pain, pneumonia, and other uremic; circulatory system, including arrhythmia; heart failure; nervous system including disturbance of consciousness, restlessness, delirium, convulsions, and so on. After entering polyuria daily urine output up to 3000 to 5000 mL, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine steady decline uremic symptoms gradually dissipated. Polyuria period of massive water and electrolytic Qualitative drained, there may be dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, if not promptly added that patients will die of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. After entering convalescent serum urea nitrogen, creatinine level returned to normal, tubular epithelial cells regeneration and restoration, the complete restoration of renal function will take about six months to one year's time, a small number of patients can be left by varying degrees of renal damage. (2) non-oliguric part of the ARF oliguric patients without clinical or non-performance of the urine, for a short time only performance rapidly reduced creatinine clearance rate decreased, the amount of the 50% below normal, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine rapidly increased serum creatinine daily rise faster than 44-88 mmol / L, known as non-oliguric this type of ARF, clinical manifestations were relatively light, and often easily misdiagnosed. (3) high decomposition-part case occurred in the ARF organizations increased catabolism extreme circumstances, the daily rate of increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were> 14.3 mmol / L and> lUmol / L of the ARF as high decomposition, usually seen at large trauma; burns, after major surgery and serious infections may wish, expressed as a serious metabolic acidosis and electrolyte disorders, poisoning symptoms significantly, particularly in the nervous system prominent, and can be expressed as drowsiness, coma, convulsions, epilepsy kind attack, hyperreflexia, or diminish, and so on.