In clinical acute renal failure What are the risk factors?

Acute renal failure (ARF) are common, Involved in internal and external, UNIFEM, infants, transmission and trauma, and other disciplines. ARF often before the existence of certain risk factors, with these risk factors can be described as belonging to the high-risk groups prone to cause ARF, the importance of these risk factors, be the correct treatment, can prevent the occurrence of ARF. These risk factors are: ① elderly and child care: the elderly renal degradation, and the ability to drop drug detoxification, drug nephrotoxicity high sensitivity, high incidence of ARF. Child care easy, there dehydration, low blood pressure, such as the shortage of blood volume; ② hypovolemia: hemorrhage due to various reasons; kidney and gastrointestinal tract fluid loss, loss of skin liquid (such as burns, excessive sweating), causing hemorrhagic inadequate. Hypovolemia renal perfusion reduced GFR decreased, while sympathetic excited and vasopressin caused increased renal vasoconstriction, GFR decline further, and induce ARF; ③ cycle dysfunction: shock caused by various reasons heart failure, and other cycle dysfunction, resulting in kidney perfusion inadequate, GFR decreased. Excessive use of antihypertensive drugs is a predisposing factor; ④ serious infection and sepsis: serious infections, especially by those with sepsis and renal ischemia-induced renal toxicity mechanisms ARF; ⑤ severe trauma: If burns, crush injury, a serious fracture and so because of shock, infection and trauma organization released myoglobin, and so prone ARF. Severe burns are plenty of liquids and the loss of intravascular hemolysis also prone ARF (6) after surgery: serious primary disease, anesthesia and the use of sedative drugs, tissue trauma, loss fluid, so that factors such as surgical bleeding after major surgery-prone ARF . In renal failure after cardiac surgery depends on the opportunities Cardiopulmonary short time and postoperative cardiac function recovery; ⑦ obstetric complications: early pregnancy rhyme pollution abortion: high late pregnancy is a serious disease, bleeding, pain and other complications of induced ARF are easy; ⑧ cirrhosis and ascites: This plasma renin - Zhang - renal vascular - aldosterone system has been activated, increasing vasopressin secretion as a result of kidney. Liver dysfunction drug detoxification ability to drop. At this point if ascites put too much too fast can easily induced ARF, renal toxicity such patients use drugs also prone ARF; ⑨ application nephrotoxicity drugs: the use of toxic substances such as renal aminoglycoside drugs, imaging agents and cephalosporins streptozotocin antibiotics, especially in the elderly, child care, dehydration, diabetes, cirrhosis, kidney patients have been particularly dangerous when applied easily induced ARF; ⑩ kidney diseases: chronic kidney disease often affects the self-regulatory function of the kidney, lesions or aggravated by certain additional factors (infection, urinary tract obstruction, water electrolyte imbalance, kidney toxicity drug use , Etc.) induced ARF. Nephrotic syndrome associated with acute renal failure idiopathic attention in recent years, due to lack of effective circulating blood volume, the type of tubular obstruction, renal tubular interstitial edema oppression renal vein thrombosis and mechanisms such as the nephrotic syndrome in the ARF, the kidney disease itself should be regarded as an independent risk factor. In addition, the use of older prostatic hypertrophy anticholinergic drugs, renal vascular hypertension use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, abuse of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, cyclosporine drug overdose and chemotherapy-induced acute hyperuricemia such circumstances are easily induced ARF.