Nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosis 10

A retraction of clinical blood T, unilateral tinnitus, hearing loss, ear occlusion sense of unknown causes cervical lymph node swelling, facial numbness, diplopia,deflection, muscle atrophy, headache and other symptoms are should carefully for nasopharyngeal microscope and clinical examination can be early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A nasopharyngeal examination: 1) indirectly nasopharyngeal examination: This is a simple, fast and effective screening method. 2) fiber nasopharyngeal examination: This relatively simple, but after the top anterior nostril and observation dissatisfied. Nose can be observed after hole, septal, posterior nasal cavity, nasopharynx wall, the eustachian tube, side Waterloo, soft palate and posterior wall, and so on the back.
Second, clinical examination: NPC inspected the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, oropharynx, they also need to check the head and face, regional lymph node metastasis, as well as the whole body system. 1) head and neck examination: should check the nasal cavity, oropharynx, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, eyes soft palate whether NPC outward expansion. 2) eye: a common vision diminish or disappear, exophthalmos, intraorbital tumor, with the upper eyelid ptosis eyeball fixed. 3) brain: NPC local expansion often cause brain damage, which led to nerve head and face all kinds of obstacles.
C, X-ray examination: Nasopharyngeal cancer patients using X-ray inspection can understand the scope and skull base tumors of bone damage, it is beneficial for nasopharyngeal carcinoma stage, the development plan radiation therapy, and follow-up evaluation of the patient prognosis. X-ray examination is commonly used tablets and nasopharyngeal lateral skull base radiography inspection.
4. Radionuclide bone imaging diagnosis: Radionuclide bone imaging is a non-invasive diagnosis and the high sensitivity of the diagnostic methods. Usually bone scan that was consistent with the diagnosis of bone metastasis rate than X-ray high 30 percent, and can be detected as early as 3-6 months lesions.
V. CT: Application of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CT scan, can understand the nasopharyngeal cavity tumor site, whether the deformation or asymmetric lumen, whether shallow recess or pharyngeal occlusion. In addition can also display outside the nasopharyngeal cavity violations, such as the nasal cavity, oropharynx, parapharyngeal space, submental Waterloo, carotid sheath, the pterygopalatine fossa, maxillary sinus, ethmoid, eyes and retropharyngeal intracranial cavernous carotid Department of lymph node metastasis. Nasopharyngeal cancer examination of the micro-cavity diagnosis outstanding value, and X-ray and CT are often unable to find such a tiny tumor, but the majority of posterior and lateral wall for submucosal tumor infiltrating growth, nasopharyngeal examination difficult to be found , nasopharyngeal lateral films and CT managed to clear indication. CT showed a tumor of the lateral X-ray film more clearly.
6, B-mode ultrasound examination: B-type ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma wide application method is simple, noninvasive, patients willing to accept. Mainly used in cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma liver, neck, retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph node examination, lymph nodes and liver metastases know whether density, such as cystic there.
7, magnetic resonance imaging examination: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly showed that the skull at all levels, cerebral sulcus, brain back, gray and white matter and ventricle, cerebrospinal fluid pipeline, vascular, with SE Act show that T1, T2 extend the high-intensity images can be diagnosed NPC , maxillary sinus cancer, which showed that relations between the tumor and surrounding tissue. Because MRI tumor boundaries more clearly defined and precise, radiation therapy radiation field position are very useful, while MRI brain radiation injury of understanding will be very useful.
8. Serological diagnosis: Because patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma antibody in serum levels of Epstein-Barr virus with other cancer patients and healthy people between the very obvious differences, which can be used as nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosis method. Mainly used: 1) nasopharyngeal cancer symptoms, such as the retraction of blood T, tinnitus, hearing loss, headache, neck lymph node swelling, facial numbness, diplopia; 2) cervical lymphadenopathy biopsy or cervical block puncture confirmed metastatic cancer, help find the primary lesion, 3) high incidence area crowd NPC Seroepidemiological census.
9. Pathological diagnosis: Nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosis is based on the final pathologic diagnosis, although clinical symptoms, signs, X-ray, CT and serological diagnosis suggested that the NPC, we need a clear diagnosis of pathology. Nasopharyngeal cancer live organizations to take method as follows: 1) Oral bite from the biopsy method (the most commonly used method) 2) by nasal biopsy of the nasopharynx 3) Fine-needle aspiration nasopharynx
10, differential diagnosis: For comparison with the various types of disease diagnosis methods.
11, early diagnosis: Early diagnosis and treatment is to improve the treatment of tumors of the most effective methods of early diagnosis can improve the therapeutic effect. Nasopharyngeal cancer is the focus of prevention and treatment should vigorously strengthen anti-cancer knowledge publicity to the masses know that the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, once symptoms can be timely medical treatment.