The neonatal hemolytic disease etiology and pathogenesis

Newborns with hemolytic diseases, including autoimmune hemolytic group, congenital defects erythrocyte (red cells, hemoglobin and red blood cell enzyme abnormalities), and red blood cell immunity (acquired) caused by hemolysis. This section presents hemolytic disease of the newborn (hemo1ytic disease of the newborn) refers to mother-to-child blood group incompatibility (ABO blood group incompatibility or Rh blood group incompatibility) arising from the same race autoimmune hemolytic. Humans have 26 blood group systems, Over 400 blood group antigen, a newborn with autoimmune hemolytic group ABO blood group system to the largest, followed by Rh blood group system. Etiology and Pathogenesis Neonatal same race as autoimmune hemolytic maternal and fetal blood group incompatibility exists the blood group antibodies (1 gG) cause. Because of maternal fetal red blood cells into the circulation, when the mother by a lack of fetal red blood cell antigens, on a corresponding maternal blood group antibodies, the antibody through the placenta into the fetal circulation, causing fetal erythrocyte agglutination, destruction. ABO blood group incompatibility caused by hemolysis, occurred in more than maternal type O blood type A born or B-type blood baby. Because type O blood of pregnant women in the anti-A and anti-B antibody IgG, can be entered through the placenta barrier fetal circulating bad. Theoretically mother blood type A, B or AB fetal blood type, or the mother B-type blood, fetal type A or AB blood can incidence. But clinical rare. Mainly due to type A or B type of maternal blood, the anti-B, anti-A "natural" IgM antibody mainly, it is not easy to enter through the placenta barrier fetal blood circulation. Because A, B antigen factor in the natural world wide presence of women in the O blood type before pregnancy may be affected by the stimulating substances, such as parasites, infections, vaccination and eating certain contains A, B antigen plants to the production of anti-A body , the IgG anti-B, these antibodies during pregnancy through the placenta into the fetus in vivo caused hemolysis. Therefore, the disease can occur in about half of the first child. Rh blood group incompatibility caused by hemolysis, in the Rh blood group system in the six kinds of antigen (C, c; D, d; E, e). Among the D antigen antigenicity of the strongest. E, e, C, followed by c, d is not yet found. Domestic was particularly prevalent in the minority, because of Rh-negative women from ethnic minorities more. When Wye Rh-negative women for the Rh positive fetus, and its D antigen through the placenta into the maternal blood circulation, stimulate the production of anti-D antibodies mother, the antibody through the placenta into the fetus, and in antigen-antibody reaction to fetal red blood cells in agglutination, sabotage, there hemolysis.