What is vaginal cancer

I. OVERVIEW Vaginal cancer is a malignant tumor in the part of the vagina. Vaginal cancer is often secondary, and can be spread directly from cervical cancer, or from endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and choriocarcinoma, and the bladder, urethra, or rectal cancer are usually can be transferred to the vagina. Primary vaginal cancer is rare, accounting for about female genital mutilation 1% of malignant tumors. Primarily squamous cell carcinoma, Mao membrane cell carcinoma, such as carcinoma, sarcoma and malignant melanoma even more rare, many doctors in the obstetrics and gynecology medical practice, we saw only a few patients, due to vaginal secondary see more of the cancer, the diagnosis should be considered before the primary tumor and of secondary vaginal exclude the possibility of cancer. Vaginal cancer in the United States accounted for 1% of gynecologic malignancies. The average age at diagnosis is 60 to 65 years old. Human papilloma virus infection, or a history of cervical or vulvar cancer patients increased risk. Fetal diethylstilbestrol exposure in the womb to develop into young women with vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma associated diagnosis of this rare malignant disease at the average age of 19 years. The majority (95%) of the vaginal cancer squamous cell carcinoma, the rest, including primary and secondary adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma secondary (older women), and clear cell adenocarcinoma (in young women ), and melanoma. The most common vaginal sarcoma, grape-shaped sarcoma (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma) peak in the incidence of 3-year-old. Second, pathology Pathologically generally There are three types: ① cauliflower type, such as delays in treatment, cauliflower-like tumors can be filled with the vagina. Chang began after vaginal wall occurred in 1 / 3 more highly differentiated cells, the exogenous type, rarely inside infiltration. ② infiltrating or ulcer type, tumor formation ulcers, mainly seen in the anterior wall of the vagina, often rapid infiltration around the vagina. ③ mucosa of our development is slow, long confined to the mucosal layer, for vaginal carcinoma in situ. But with more vaginal carcinoma in situ or secondary to cervical carcinoma in situ or invasive cervical cancer peripheral changes. Histologically almost all primary vaginal cancer squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the few. 3, symptoms Vaginal cancer is the main clinical manifestations: irregular vaginal bleeding, bleeding after sexual intercourse and bleeding after menopause; Leucorrhea increase, or even a vaginal water samples, bloody discharge with odor Along with the development of a lumbar condition, abdominal pain, urine obstacles (including frequency, Nixie, Niaotong and blood in the stool, constipation, etc.); serious vesicovaginal fistula can be formed or rectovaginal fistula; patients with advanced renal dysfunction can, anemia and other secondary symptoms, such as lung metastasis may cough , Caledonia blood, superficial lymph node metastasis can be touched, such as swollen lymph nodes. Local vaginal papillary lesions or cauliflower-to see the most, followed by ulcers, or in infiltrating. Vaginal cancer often occur in vaginal wall after 1 / 3. Most patients complained a small number of irregular bleeding after menopause, odour discharge and pain. Yam clean plastic see-will help us observe the entire vaginal wall. Sometimes needed to deal with the use of iodine solution to help distinguish tumor boundaries. Vaginal triple rectal examination may help shed up there mucosa, adjacent to the vagina or rectum violations involved. Only about 20% of patients with vaginal cancer through Pap smear and pelvic examination diagnosis. In addition to the chest X-ray examination and intravenous pyelography, rectum and sigmoid colon-bladder can be used as a routine examination. CT and MRI can identify with and extraperitoneal peritoneal lesions. MRI also can be identified radiation fibrosis and recurrent tumor lesions. Fourth, common treatment methods Usually takes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment, such as traditional Chinese medicine. 5, proliferation and metastasis Because vaginal anatomy of the special relationship, (connective osteoporosis, thin wall, lymph rich), the spread of cancer easier. The main diffusion directly spread, lymph node metastasis and the occasional distant metastasis. Vaginal cancer in the lymph node metastasis of basic channels with cervical cancer; vaginal 1 / 3 basic with vulvar cancer; 1 / 3 in two ways from top to bottom can be transferred from the lower part of the vagina after inguinal lymph node lesions from the top of the vagina After pelvic lymph node lesions or hematogenous metastasis. Vaginal cancer can be directly extended to the proliferation of partial vaginal adjacent tissue, bladder or rectum. 6. Prognosis 5-year survival rate with the stage (Ⅰ period, and 65% to 70%, Ⅱ, 47%, Ⅲ, 30%, Ⅳ period, 15 per cent to 20 per cent). Adverse prognostic factors, including large-scale primary tumors and poorly differentiated tumors.