Flow gills with meningitis, meningoencephalitis What are the clinical manifestations

Flow gills meningitis, meningoencephalitis occurred in the parotid gland swelling after 10 days of illness (65% an 70%). About 25 per cent of the parotid gland swelling and simultaneously, a small number of cases (5% of an 8 per cent) in the parotid gland swelling ago. 3-10 age group to the highest incidence rates (more than 80 percent). Sudden onset, the main symptoms are fever (90% an 95%), headache (85% of a 100%), vomiting (70% an 90%). Some people think that repeated vomiting flow gills merger is the typical symptoms of meningitis. Most patients with vomiting 1-2 days or 3-5 days to stop a small number of people sustainable 10-12 days, if the brain damage, he was accompanied by changes at the same time there are signs of meningitis, may consider meningoencephalitis.
For the main signs of submandibular gland and parotid gland swelling, parotid gland swelling of the mouth, neck resistance, and Clinton's levy Barthel levy positive, a small number of patients, there will be nystagmus, ataxia, and other lower extremity muscle strength decreased.
CSF appearance Qingliang inspection, the pressure was normal or slightly higher, increased leukocyte count, the majority in the 300-500 / mm3, can be even more than 1,000-2,000, early neutral cells increased. From the second disease after, lymphocyte predominance, and sometimes up to 80% of a 100%. Slightly higher protein content, sugar and normal chloride. If the above changes in the parotid gland enlargement before it is easy to give pathogen diagnosis, the virus isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid is the most reliable basis for the diagnosis. In recent years, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected in cerebrospinal fluid specific immunoglobulin M antibodies can help diagnosis of this disease.
Flow gills of the central nervous system damage, in the early onset flow gills by the virus directly caused. In viremia, on the basis of the virus through the blood-brain barrier damage to the central nervous system. And the damage to viremia is proportional to the degree and duration. Part of meningoencephalitis disease have occurred in the two weeks after a l even a month after the pathogenesis of allergic reaction or may be self-induced immune response.
In order to reduce morbidity and reduce complications, the patient should be isolated early, proper rest, once the nervous system symptoms should take active treatment.

ECM can be divided into several clinical -

ECM differences in the severity of larger clinical generally can be divided into the following type.
(1) light: fever patients with no more than 39 ℃, no hemorrhagic rash (bleeding), or only a few, mild headache and meningeal irritation symptoms after treatment, or even without the treatment, or as the flu treatment and speedy recovery.
(2) ordinary type: ECM with the typical symptoms, patients with sudden fever, the temperature reached 40 ℃, accompanied by headache, nausea and vomiting, skin bleeding, and in 1-2 days, apparent symptoms of meningeal irritation, but he was still quite clear and it is not in coma, sleepiness can be a performance. Breathing, pulse and blood pressure normal.
(3) fulminant: most of this type, which includes the shock type, meningoencephalitis and mixed three kinds. Shock-about 2 per cent of patients with meningitis, mainly in the 1-5 years old children, especially under the age of 2, adults rarely happens. Shock is the main clinical manifestations, blood pressure dropped even could not be determined, also feel no pulse. Bleeding skin rapidly increasing, and integration into large plaque deposition. Clearly he was still quite early, late to be able to enter a coma. Meningoencephalitis have mainly occurred in the type of child care, the incidence rate of less than shock. Intracranial hypertension in patients with major performance, brain edema and cerebral hernia symptoms, it is prone to respiratory failure and death. Mixed performance at the same time for a serious shock symptoms and intracranial hypertension, and shock-type symptoms of meningoencephalitis, at the same time in patients with a body, and its most precarious condition, the worst prognosis.
(4) chronic type meningococcal sepsis: rare in adults, and deferred months, the blood culture or siltation can smear bacteria.
ECM points on the heavy-named, that is, fulminant ECM, in recent years there have been new formulation. In June 1986 the first national clinical experience severe ECM raised at the exchange, with a diagnosis of severe ECM named. Severe ECM definition: Where meningococcus infection, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or herniation of increased intracranial pressure, respiratory distress syndrome or severe renal failure and other symptoms, should be diagnosed as severe flow brain.

ECM meningoencephalitis-What are the main points of the diagnosis?

ECM incidence of acute meningoencephalitis, the changes of the disease rapidly, following its diagnosis.
(1) Early symptoms of increased intracranial pressure: the first is the outstanding performance of severe headache, irritability, frequent convulsions or vomiting, looking very pale and he was early, although clear, but quickly turn into lethargy, and progress or semi-conscious comatose, this sharp change in the state of consciousness, increased intracranial pressure increased for the symptoms, particular attention should be paid.
(2) a severe symptoms of increased intracranial pressure: Early treatment is not timely cases, the further development of disease, symptoms can appear here. Main performance enhancing muscle tone, was the early paroxysmal or persistent physical stiffness, upper extension, rotation, thus seize fist, or in the lower extremities extension; pupil narrow and fixed, the edge is not sharp, or the pupil size volatile, Mandrax Mandrax a small, making light reflex slow. Hernia occurred after the foramen magnum completely scattered on both sides of the pupil and fixed light reflex disappeared or eyeball staring down often with a sunset; central respiratory failure, respiratory gradually reduced by the fast Man, can double or sigh inspiratory like breathing and respiratory rhythm is not the whole, apnea or breathing suddenly stopped.

Syringomyelia and cervical spondylosis

Syringomyelia is a multi occurred in chronic cervical thoracic spinal cord disease, and sometimes can be violated pons and the medulla oblongata, occur in young people. Often feel pain and temperature sensitivity separation, particularly temperature McGREGOR diminish or disappear even more prominent. PWC can, shoulders, upper and upper chest pain, numbness, or cold, ant-line or feel itching, and sometimes intense pain, a burning sensation or pain drilling nature. There also lower extremity spastic paralysis, sphincter dysfunction and blood circulation and neurotrophic obstacles, such as limb cyanosis, sweating or less Khan, dry skin, and nail deformation, such as the levy's Luis Horna. These symptoms and root it is sometimes difficult type of cervical spondylotic myelopathy of identification, but cervical spondylotic myelopathy often have the following characteristics help identify: ① onset age of small, mostly 20 to 30 years old, and more than cervical disease occurred in 4-year-old O, the ratio of men to women was 3:1. ② unilateral or bilateral upper extremity and the supremacy of the chest pain was consistency, the temperature feel the loss, and sensitivity and deep feeling no change, that is manifested as long gloves, is still half-full or is still segmental spinal separation of sensory dysfunction. And cervical spondylosis temperature, and more pain is not completely lost, the greater the temperature difference can feel the temperature. ③ often associated with congenital spinal deformity, such as the occipital bone fusion, the skull base Depression, cervical rib, such as spina bifida, are usually non-vertebral bone and degenerative changes in the performance of the intervertebral space. ④ lower extremities pyramidal signs appear later, Hoffman's levy more negative. ⑤ hand muscle atrophy obviously, and there earlier. ⑥ autonomic dysfunction, the vagus nerve dysfunction more, such as flustered distracted, Weizhang discomfort. ⑦ myelography unimpeded, without spinal stenosis, the disc after the sudden symptoms. ⑧ cervical lateral X-ray examination is often no abnormalities, and no spinal stenosis performance. Based on the above features plus cervical spondylosis comprehensive clinical manifestations, the difference between the two is more difficult.

Cervical disease classification and diagnostic criteria

Cervical disease in medicine has been recognized the independence of its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment principles and the concept of a unified standard. GM cervical spondylosis of the current diagnostic criteria and types are as follows: General principles: ① clinical manifestations and X-ray film were consistent with cervical spondylosis, can be confirmed. ② typical clinical manifestations of cervical disease, and X-ray films which have not yet appeared abnormal, other diseases should be excluded under the premise for the diagnosis of cervical disease. ③ there is no clinical signs and complained, and in the X-ray abnormality, should not be diagnosed as cervical spondylosis. Be on the X-ray abnormalities seen to be described. Apart from the above principles, the type of cervical disease diagnosis are as follows: (1) neck cervical spondylosis ① complained head, neck, shoulder pain, such as abnormal feeling, and the tenderness with the corresponding points. ② X-ray showed that the upper cervical spine curvature change, or intervertebral joint instability, a "bilateral", the "double process", "Au cut", "proliferation" performance. ③ except neck sprain (commonly known as "Stiff Neck"), omarthritis, rheumatic inflammation of muscle fiber, neurasthenia and other non-cervical disc degeneration due to change due to a shoulder and neck pain. (2) nerve root type of cervical spondylosis ① is more typical radicular symptoms (numbness, pain), and the scope of its involvement with the nerve root domination of the region by the line. ② X-ray displayed on the cervical spine curvature change, instability or bone. ③ pressure test or upper cervical traction test positive. ④ pain treatment ineffective closed. ⑤ clinical manifestations and the X-ray abnormalities seen in the same segment photogenic. ⑥ except cervical vertebra substantive disease (such as tuberculosis, cancer, etc.), thoracic outlet syndrome, omarthritis, tennis elbow, biceps tenosynovitis, and so mainly to the upper extremity pain disorders. (3) cervical spondylotic myelopathy ① on the clinical performance of spinal cord compression, is divided into two types of central and peripheral. The first symptoms of upper extremity, lower extremity peripheral, from the beginning, is divided into mild, moderate and severe degree. ② X-ray displayed on edge after more than vertebral bone hyperplasia, a diameter of the spinal canal stenosis. ③ except amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of the spinal cord, spinal cord tumors, spinal cord injury, the secondary inflammation of the arachnoid adhesive, multiple peripheral neuritis. ④ individual differential diagnosis difficult, can be used for spinal cord was performed. ⑤ conditions, the CT scan can be perturbation investigation. (4) The type of cervical vertebral artery disease ① had cataplexy attacks, and with cervical vertigo. ② carotid test positive spin. ③ X-ray showed that instability or intervertebral joint articular bone hook push. ④ except Otogenic and eye-derived vertigo. ⑤ except I vertebral artery (6 enter transverse cervical vertebral artery previous hole) and cervical artery Ⅲ paragraph (a cervical spine before entering the intracranial vertebral artery) caused by the compression of the basilar artery insufficiency. ⑥ except neurosis, and other intracranial tumors. ⑦ diagnosis of this disease, particularly positioning before surgery should be performed according to the vertebral artery. ⑧ vein blood flow and promote the EEG only reference value. (5) The clinical cervical sympathetic performance as dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, hand numbness, tachycardia, the heart before a series of sympathetic pain symptoms, X-ray film on the instability or degenerative vertebral angiography negative (6) other type of cervical esophageal diseases such as cervical vertebral former Ukrainian mouth hyperplasia oppression esophagus caused swallowing difficulties. The transesophageal barium contrast confirm.

How early detection of nasopharyngeal cancer

(1) Nasal symptoms: Early in the suction often have bloody sputum or in the nose with bloodshot, General small amount of bleeding, advanced to a large number of bleeding and nasal obstruction. (2) ear symptoms: ear nausea, tinnitus and hearing loss. Attendance in the number of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, about half of the patients with tinnitus phenomenon. The nasopharynx and middle ear cavity between the same root eustachian tube, which can adjust the pressure in the middle ear cavity, the tympanic membrane internal and external pressure to maintain the balance of the nasopharynx-hsiang occur in the nasopharynx of the openings near the drum, cancer oppression eustachian tube openings, resulting in obstruction, tinnitus nasopharyngeal carcinoma occurred in the logic here. (3) a mass neck: often found in patients with the earliest symptoms, particularly of hard, fixed, borders are unclear. (4) headache: erosion damage because of the skull base tumors, intracranial spread or caused cranial nerve involvement. To late, often chronic and severe pain, sometimes attending for the only symptom. (5) Other such as diplopia, ramps, and other eye.

Common symptoms and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Is a common malignancy, Particularly in the South China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan), the most common. Men in their prime of life to a high incidence of. More study of its etiology, but has yet to fully identify, may be genetic, Epstein-Barr virus infection, environmental factors such as the chemical carcinogen. Symptoms: hidden location in the nasopharynx, the inspection difficult, and nasopharyngeal cancer early symptoms rather complex, the lack of features, is easy to be neglected, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and must be vigilant. Common symptoms are: ① hemorrhage: mainly after Ren Sniff in blood, a bloody nose or nose. Chang started for a small amount of bloodshot, easily ignored until more amount of bleeding, often into the lesion has advanced. ② headache: Early can have headaches, and more preferred side, with intermittent; Advanced suffered persistent severe headache, easily mistaken for nerve migraine. ③ cervical lymphadenopathy: unilateral or bilateral neck in mass incompetence of hard, activities of the poor, and often easy to mistakenly believe that lymph node nuclear or lymphadenitis. ④ other symptoms: In addition to performance of a particular or all of the above symptoms, but also a nasal obstruction, ears closed, tinnitus, and the Department of numbness, diplopia, ptosis, and other symptoms on risk. Yi advanced to the intracranial tumor violations and bone, liver, lung and other distant metastases. Diagnosis: nasopharyngeal pain examination found swelling is the most effective and reliable means of the final diagnosis depends on the biopsy sections. Epstein-Barr virus serological examination to early detection. Hepatosplenic ultrasonography, chest, skull base CT scan or photograph cats, and other checks to the understanding of the disease, and whether or not violations of distant metastasis meaningful. Radiation is the main method of treatment, anti-cancer drugs can be used in conjunction with a mass of radiotherapy Needless to consider surgery or other treatment.

Jets caused obstruction What is the reason

Jets also known as obstructive jets obstruction. It is not a separate disease, But by the throat and around the neighboring organizations lesions caused by inspiratory phase characterized by breathing difficulties syndrome.
Supraglottic laryngeal area is the most narrow upper respiratory site, when lesions supraglottic laryngeal mucosa congestive swelling narrows, when inspiratory flow inward to push bilateral vocal cord downward pressure, glottic more narrow, causing difficulty in breathing, when the upward airflow in the breath-open APIs, when supraglottic larger than inspiratory, dyspnea is not significant, gas injection through the narrow larynx, vibration caused ring, known as the jets Wong Yin. When the negative pressure within the chest inspiratory increase, a Depression thorax soft tissue, such as the Waterloo sternum, collarbone,depression known as the "four of concave." Breathing difficulties may arise hypoxia, looking your lips, pulse accelerated, irritability, and other advanced symptoms. If the lesion is often the vocal voices hoarse.
Jets obstruction caused many reasons why:
(1) acute throat inflammation, especially small children larynx, subglottic organizations osteoporosis easy submucosal edema;
(2) foreign body incarcerated;
(3) traumatic damage;
(4) tumors;
(5) congenital malformation or scar stenosis;
(6) bilateral vocal cord paralysis and laryngeal spasm, and so on.

What is allergic Purple fees nephritis?

Henoch-Schonlein purpura is systemic damage to small blood vessels as the main pathological basis, a clinical skin purpura, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, arthritis and kidney damage characteristics of the syndrome. As Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients about 1 / 3 more than in kidney damage, the prognosis depends mainly on the severity of the nephropathy, therefore Henoch-Schonlein purpura caused by kidney damage called Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura medical classification and performance

Most patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura 1-2 weeks prior to the onset of a general malaise, fever, fatigue and upper respiratory infection symptoms such as precursor, with the typical clinical manifestations. Based on symptoms and signs of different, can be divided into the following types: ① simple: It is the most common type. Mainly as skin purpura. Purpura sizes can be integrated into films, formation of Yuban. Purpura mainly confined to the limbs, especially the lower extremities and buttocks, trunk rarely occurs, the skin can be accompanied by edema, urticaria, after 7-14, is waning. ② abdominal: In addition to skin purpura, due to gastrointestinal mucosa and peritoneal capillary visceral involvement, and produce a series of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and signs (about 2 / 3 of patients with), such as: nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, diarrhea and mucus it, such as blood in the stool. Of which the most common abdominal pain, often paroxysmal colic, located in Qizhou, abdominal or total abdominal and muscle tension can attack and obvious tenderness, Chang Ming Yin misdiagnosed as hyperthyroidism and surgical acute abdomen. In the bowel wall edema due to child care can be, such as moving a result of increased intussusception. Abdominal symptoms, signs and more skin Purpura at the same time, even before this can happen in purpura. ③ joint type: In addition to skin purpura, a result of joint site of vascular involvement in joint swelling, pain, tenderness and dysfunction, such as performance (about 1 / 2 in patients with symptoms of the festival), will occur in the knee, ankle, wrist, elbow etc. joints, joint swelling generally lighter, a walk, repeated attack by a few days and more, the remaining joint deformities. ④ renal type: the most serious condition, the incidence was as high as 12% -40% patients. In addition to skin purpura, because glomerular inflammatory response in hematuria, proteinuria and possession of urine. Kidney disease symptoms can occur in any period, but after a week多见purpura. Changes in urine is generally believed that sooner, nephritis after more weight, a small number of cases because of repeated attacks and evolution of chronic nephritis (hematuria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension), nephrotic syndrome (urinary protein> 3.5 g / d, Hyperlipidemia low serum albumin <30>

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura disease

Uncommon for a micro-hemolytic disease of the micro-vascular disease and thrombosis. Unknown etiology, with a small number of patients may be infected, pregnancy, collagen vascular disease, cancer, and genetic and other relevant drugs. Various causes of microvascular endothelial cell damage, resulting in collagen and basement membrane exposure caused platelets and fibrin deposition. In some patients with one or more of platelet aggregation factor (PAF), or the lack of normal plasma in the PAF inhibitor, induced platelet aggregation. Some people in TTP in patients with isolated VWF giant polymer, in vitro platelet aggregation that VWF metabolic abnormalities may also be related to the incidence and TTP. Peripheral artery disease mainly involved and capillaries microvascular obstruction caused multiple organ failure. The onset of intense, rapid progress, a small number of recurrent and can be slower. Clinical to 30 ~ 40-year-old female Most of the main performance for the bleeding, microvascular hemolytic anemia, neurological symptoms, fever and kidney damage, called TTP five of the levy. Neuropsychiatric symptoms often intermittent or volatility. Laboratory: platelet decreased significantly, moderate to severe anemia, reticulocyte increased blood platelet great film that, nucleated red blood cells and red blood cell debris, and in the bone marrow of the red giant compensatory proliferation of nuclear, normal coagulation checks. Skin, muscle, gums, and bone marrow biopsy in the capillary endothelial classes, small muscular arteries between the cortex and the glass-like deposits, with vascular endothelial proliferation and luminal obstruction. Except for a small number of chronic disease sustainable few months to a few years, 80% of patients died within three months. Plasmapheresis and plasma infusion will enable 64% to 80% of the patients eased, PGI2 large dose intravenous infusion or a small number of cases will ease vincristine, splenectomy only short-term symptoms of some patients to improve joint anti-platelet drugs glucocorticoid plasma exchange can be used as adjuvant therapy.

Hemophilia A clinical manifestations of

Hemophilia A is the clinical manifestations and repeated bleeding caused by bleeding complications. Some children born after a few weeks began to hemorrhage after the children gradually grow up, the numbers easy collisions, bleeding on the more frequent and obvious. Some patients can be as late as 5-6 years old, even after the adult onset. Generally speaking, the incidence night, the light conditions. With the former often have mild bleeding trauma, minor surgery (extraction, abscess incision), and injections, etc.. More bleeding in the deep parts (legs, buttocks) and the limbs large joints. As hematoma oppression peripheral nerve tissue, cause local pain, and even cause secondary infection or synovium, soft tissue and bone and joint damage in the joints atrophy, deformity and loss of function. Others, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hematuria, scrotal bleeding also common. Head trauma can be caused by intracranial hemorrhage, and lead to serious consequences.

Ankylosing spondylitis patients should pay attention to?

(1) Touching disease ankylosing spondylitis, in the treatment of many patients in the course of impatience, to adhere to the lack of adequate long-term treatment of mentally prepared for emotions become very pessimistic and lose confidence abandon the treatment is very dangerous. Must overcome impatience, timely and appropriate treatment, and establish the confidence to overcome the disease. (2) long-term bed rest because of the pain in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, spine and limbs stiff faster, except for cause serious systemic symptoms, pain, obviously, should be to the joint activities, adhere to Guangxiong, deep breathing, spine and lower extremities Movement of local and systemic functions physical training, in order to prevent and mitigate the joint adhesion, stiffness and muscle atrophy. Could not get up because of the severity of the patients, after treatment by the disease will be brought under control, the bed can be done properly the function of physical training, and strive for an early ambulation. (3) to maintain physical posture and prevent the occurrence of spinal deformity and stiffness. In the rest of the time to maintain a proper body position, sleep hard Banchuang, from supine position, pillows cushion in the standing or sitting position, as far as possible chest Shoufu; at the table to write on some high, some chairs to dwarf. Where can cause persistent pain physical activity should be avoided.

Ankylosing spondylitis patients should be sleeping What bed?

Ankylosing spondylitis patients is the most serious consequences of the hip and spine deformities tonic maimed, in the early disease, deformity has not been formed, which is a bony ankylosis of the past, it should take precautionary measures. How wide? Day we can consciously correct bad posture, and maintain physiological function, the only night on the role of the bed. The Ximengsai or sponge beds, because of its softness, and sleep is very uncomfortable, but because of the concave of ankylosing spondylitis patients is extremely damaging to the aggravating pain arising from passive posture, and the passage of time are curved spine. Hard Banchuang plane because its hard to care about horizontal trunk when not bending, was mandatory physical-spine, which played the prevention of spinal deformity control. Therefore advice ankylosing spondylitis patients, once sick, we must sleep Banchuang hardware, and can be tolerated as far as possible under the circumstances to maintain a pillow, supine Shuizi to prevent deformity.

What are the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis should pay attention to the possibility?

As ankylosing spondylitis is a more common diseases, Touching course, it can easily cause disability and, therefore, should seek early diagnosis and treatment. The 16-25 age group, especially young men, such as the following symptoms appear, there should be especially vigilant against possible ankylosing spondylitis. (1) low back pain and lumbar zombies more than three months, the rest can not be alleviated. (2) unilateral or bilateral sciatica, no significant history of trauma, sprains history. (3) recurrent knee or ankle swelling, joint effusion, no significant history of trauma, infection. (4) recurrent swelling of the calcaneus, or heel pain nodules. (5) recurrent inflammation of the iris. (6) non-respiratory symptoms such as cough, no history of trauma and pain in the chest band flu, thorax activities restricted. (7) spinal pain, stiffness flu, and even activities dysfunction, no significant history of trauma, sprains history. (8) and bilateral hip hip pain, no significant history of trauma and injury history. (9) suddenly the spine and limbs, the joint pain, swelling, activities dysfunction.

How to prevent suffering from ankylosing spondylitis?

The disease occurs in males, and 20 to 30 men between the ages of the period, and in the crowd with their own blood the next of kin, if a hunched back, back, and other changes in the plate, and I also HLA - B27-positive, should be particularly vigilant suffering from ankylosing spondylitis, of course, simply will not HLA-B27 positive inevitable suffering from ankylosing spondylitis, but such groups should actively prevent gastro-intestinal, urinary tract infection, attention food hygiene. Genitourinary attention to the health system, such as the above diseases should be actively anti-infection treatment to prevent induced the occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis. Environmental factors also should not be underestimated incentives, such groups in the personal, we must guard against the evil rheumatoid cold, warm attention of the quarter, and to enhance immune function. The ancients? Quot; righteous memory, stem not evil, the evil of Cou, the gas will imaginary, gas refers to the physical or disease-resistant capacity. Sheng is upright body that can withstand wind cold dampness of the evil invasion. OF weak as inadequate, or emotional, diet, blood Laojuan result of weak internal injuries, illness is easy. As the disease in the same conditions, some people sick, and some people healthy, this is the truth. Therefore wind cold dampness evil, and although some of the source of infection is pathogenic factors, but if a person strengthen body resistance is not necessarily sick. Otherwise it would wind cold dampness can be evil invasion Meridian, tendons, blood barrier leading to the pathogenesis. You should pay attention to is usually a positive physical activity, there is a good health, good mind, a correct attitude toward life. Not because of his illness ankylosing spondylitis is the danger of the crowd, filled with anxiety, negative life. Because you do not necessarily suffering from ankylosing spondylitis, it is not like hemophilia, as no doubt the dominant inheritance.

Ankylosing spondylitis patients how to enhance confidence in overcoming disease

Although ankylosing spondylitis is a disease can be disabling, but after a long course of treatment can control the disease, in the treatment of "strategic defiance in it, in its tactical importance," with patient, strengthen their confidence and overcome the disease. (1) have the confidence to win. Should correctly treat disease, that is, from a scientific attitude on the treatment of the disease, to understand the characteristics of the disease and changes to early treatment, the treatment should not miss the opportunity to reduce disease and the difficulty of the treatment complex and reduce disability. (2) a protracted war thinking. Should be recognized that ankylosing spondylitis is a refractory disease, in the whole course of relapse and remission often alternating, is a long course and long course of the disease, the need for long-term treatment of psychological preparation, a persistent thought, can not expect a few days, a few weeks alone astonishing recovery, we must actively cooperate with the medical treatment, and in their treatment of the small changes, and the timely and regular communication with the doctor, so doctors adjust treatment plan. (3) have the courage to face the reality. Since had the disease, we must face the reality and to bear pain. Today's small pain is not for tomorrow's pain, any chance to win the ideas are unrealistic, on the Shaman, by swindlers for all will go astray.

Ankylosing spondylitis patients pay attention to matters which marriage and child rearing?

Ankylosing spondylitis patients have some familial aggregation of disease is a certain degree of genetic tendency. Will Genetic to children? Treatment after treatment will have an impact on fertility? So on, and often the patients and their families concerns. Ankylosing Spondylitis is caused by a variety of causes of disease, only one of the genetic etiology, is not the only impact of this disease factors. In other words if you are ankylosing spondylitis patients, your children suffering from the disease the possibility of only 20% to 30%. Some patients with ankylosing spondylitis, even if HLA-B2, antigen positive, their children are also not positive, even if their children are sick is not necessarily positive, because in about 5% of normal HLA-B2, for the antigen positive. There are reports, the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis in the drug sulfasalazine, methotrexate, Tripterygium has a certain impact on the gonads, but is reversible. There are also reports, methotrexate have the side effects of fetal malformation, but a larger amount is after, and in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, the whole course of a maximum total of more than 1000 mg. But Youshengyouyo proceed in the preparation of fertility should be six months or more ahead of time to stop, generally do not affect the quality of birth. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers such as taking excessive time for too long, because inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, it sometimes features some of the adverse effects, but reversible, adjust or return to normal after treatment. Sick can not just thinking every day will be the development of diseases, deformities will be to the future how to do such sentiments are not conducive to the rehabilitation of the disease, proper arrangements should be living, learning, treatment, training time, and good mood treat diseases. Moreover, the feelings of depression can lead to Quanjuangeqiguan cycle slowdown, decreased resistance, making it easy for other diseases. Resolved through psychological barriers, the disease itself to the correct evaluation of the patient's negative attitude into a positive, the patient's emotional pessimism into optimism by with treatment from passive into active, ankylosing spondylitis patients have a healthy attitude with the external treatment of pathological also to the health of the body.

Ankylosing spondylitis which can damage bone and joint

(1) Spinal: medical often called "axis joints" that is, the people said, "Beam bone", we can see that it pillars in the body from the role. It is constituted by a vertebral, and on some of these vertebral ligament lOOO root and more than 140 muscles connect into resilient spine. It is divided into the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral vertebral and Sacrococcygeal. Cervical task is to support the head, people can rise and bow to the old, and had its credit; connected to the thoracic spine and ribs formed a solid thorax, which is the protection of visceral pleural "castle" in the lumbar spine is "backbone", which bear most of the body weight and sacral vertebral Sacrococcygeal in human evolution in the course of the degradation, there are great differences in individual, and iliac sacral vertebral formation sacroiliac joints, cartilage mainly rely on connecting to participate in a pelvis, sacroiliac joints is fretting joints, ankylosing spondylitis is the most common violations of the joints. (2) limb joints: medical habit called "peripheral joints," including large and small articular joints. Large joints including the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle; usually refers to small joints of the hand, foot and joint. These peripheral joints is a highly evolved joints, human freedom movement to adapt to the various needs, such as walking, running, and so is the number of joints, a wide range of sporting perfect combination. (3) the structure of joint activities: these two joints are included, the main structure of ligaments, the joint capsule, the muscles around the joints and tendons, cartilage, bone cavity, synovial, synovial fluid, etc.. Nutritious normal synovial fluid and lubrication of articular cartilage role. When a joint inflammation or injury, there is intra-articular effusion due to joint swelling, affecting the function of joints. The bone and joint ankylosing spondylitis is a good site. Bone and joint guarantor of the quality of life is very important, it should be small changes in any We must pay close attention.

Familial and sporadic ankylosing spondylitis disease phenotype similar

Dutch researchers found that family history of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with the disease phenotype and sporadic ankylosing spondylitis basically the same. Amsterdam Jan van Breemen Institute and the Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Division of Rheumatology staff both AS phenotypic differences were assessed. A total of 165 patients participated in this study, which called familial 55, called 110 distributed surname. AS patients with familial generation within the definition of immediate family members with AS, distributed generation of AS patients within the immediate family did not AS, and in all age and gender AS patients with familial match. Dr. Marcel van der Paardt and his colleagues found that the incidence of these patients regardless of age, diagnosis, extent of involvement of the peripheral joints, as well as acute inflammation of the eye pigment to what extent these two AS phenotypic differences are not significant. The researchers concluded that, in view of these two groups of patients showed that the two AS phenotypic expression and does not reflect the potential of genetic differences.

Ankylosing spondylitis cured after relapse?

Not! Is the root of the pursuit of treatment, relapse is directly related to the vital interests of patients, hospital Expert Group in the most scientific and representative of a pincer attack from both inside and outside pure Chinese medicine therapy address the root causes of the prevalence of patients with ankylosing spondylitis the immune The problem of low, the patient immunity restored, physical strength, blood circulation and various normal metabolism that can run, it will naturally loose bone to return to normal, no longer attached to the ligament ossification and no longer a bone bridge, Thus, the activities of spinal function fully recovered, the more we do not reach recurrence of therapeutic purposes. Expert Comments: that of Western medicine in the medical Shenqing and blood and human genetic and autoimmune are connected with the same system. Enhance immunity is the body resist any invasion of an important means of disease, "Bi Poyu casual, Yishen support the Governor" therapy is fine from the source added gas to restore the body's immune function and prevent further harm to human disease, you have strong and the physical resistance, disease recurrence is not.

What is seronegative spondyloarthropathy

Seronegative spondyloarthropathy is serum rheumatoid factor (RF) negative, with; similar characteristics of interconnected multi-system inflammatory disease. Seronegative joint disease packets; including ankylosing spondylitis, Rett syndrome, enteropathy arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, youth chronic arthritis (ankylosing spondylitis subtype), as well as a ONGOING group classification, such as the spondylarthropathies. Some of this is attributable to a class of diseases, because they are in clinical many common characteristics: ① serum rheumatoid factor negative, in fact positive率同normal population, generally do not exceed: 5%. ② a family aggregation. ③ and HLA-B. , Antigen have varying degrees of correlation, with ankylosing spondylitis and Rett syndrome is particularly close. ④ spine can be affected, in varying degrees of sacroiliac arthritis, can also affect peripheral joints, mostly lower limb joints than upper limb joints, and was asymmetric. ⑤ spondyloarthropathy between various clinical often overlap, there can be separate or overlapping exist, such as rash and nail psoriasis lesions, ophthalmia, stomatitis, oral, intestinal and genital ulcers, urethritis, prostate inflammation, and thrombosis of erythema nodosum of phlebitis. ⑥ pathological changes on the surrounding tendon-bone and ligament attachment to the site, rather than in the synovial membrane; may also occur in the eyes, aortic valve, pulmonary and skin. It is precisely because of these diseases, there are many commonalities, unlike serum rheumatoid factor positive diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, clinical presented seronegative spondyloarthropathy Name this.

Ankylosing spondylitis hip abnormal CT scan

To sum up of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the hip joint abnormalities, the CT features of a hip symptoms of AS patients had hip axial CT slice thickness 3 mm continuous scanning. All cases are found in the hip joint space narrowing, according to radiology Index (BASRI) hip-grade, 69% of the 3,4-class joints have more serious changes related to changes in other sections of cystic degeneration of cartilage (90.5%) , the characteristics of the femoral neck \ collar kind \ bone changes, osteoporosis, such as swelling of the joint capsule. AS the results of the surface anomaly in hip CT have a certain characteristic manifestations, and the sacroiliac joints at the same time there are changes, the correct diagnosis can be made.

How diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis?

Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, it was important to make an inspection is the sacroiliac joint is situated X-ray. If the X-ray found unilateral or bilateral sacroiliitis arthritis, patients with the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis main conditions. In some basis, as long as the patients have low back pain (whether past or now), or lumbar (flexion, extension, lateral bending) completely restricted, or measurement of the expansion of activities of the thorax equal to or less than 2.5 cm, Some three more than an anomaly, can be diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis.

What conditions can be diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis is a reason not yet clear, the main lesion to the spine chronic disease, characterized by almost all involved sacroiliac joints, often in the vicinity of disc annulus fibrosus and ligament calcification and bone ankylosis, causing bending Disorders , and may have a different degree of ocular, cardiovascular, kidney, and other organ damage. Late in the regular juvenile onset or early adulthood, after the age of 40, the incidence is very rare. When you are in the hospital, was diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis, your heart may still in doubt, now you tell us what conditions can a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. Conditions are as follows: (1) low back pain, morning stiffness at least three months, easing campaign, rest when no improvement; (2) of lumbar flexion, extension, lateral bending activities in the direction of three limited; (3) Section 4 Jinjianxi level measurement thorax week Drive, inspiratory and expiratory activities of the margin is less than 2.5 cm; (4) the specificity of the sacroiliac joint radiology (X-ray) changes.

How can I tell whether ankylosing spondylitis activities for the period

Diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, how to determine whether the active disease? Should consider the following aspects: ① first symptoms, active ankylosing spondylitis in addition to the back pain increased, morning stiffness, such as the extension of time disease, often asymmetrical limbs joint swelling, inflammation of the tendon attachment points change, and there is fever, weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, and other systemic symptoms. Some patients will have the iris monocular or binocular or uveitis may want, lung and kidney complications, these activities are manifestations of the disease. ② from laboratory examination, the patients in the active stage of ESR mostly by fast, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased rapidly, while except tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, suggesting that disease activity, acute phase activities by ESR fast, accounting for 85 percent; half more patient serum C-reactive protein and increased immunoglobulin elevated creatine phosphokinase may rise, and the indicators of disease activity and relations more closely. Therefore, the above change, and that disease activity, and continuous progress, and this should arouse attention and positive treatment, examination and treatment in the best hospital system. This will give you the chance to choose a specialist, specialists will be discharged after you draw up a detailed programme for the continuation of this disease is a good resume

How to determine your child suffering from ankylosing spondylitis children?

Children and adults with ankylosing spondylitis is different from ankylosing spondylitis, the incidence has its particularity. It is reported incidence of ankylosing spondylitis children age 3 to 15 years old, the peak in the 8 to 14-year-old, male to female ratio was 6.9:1, which was characterized by first involving peripheral joints, non-symmetry of the unilateral lower extremity arthritis , and tendon attachment points of this inflammation is an important feature of the disease. Less than 15% of the patients with early symptoms of the central axis, in the lumbar and thoracic spine more. Active systemic symptoms is not uncommon, 5% to 10% of the patients with fever, weight loss, weakness and atrophy, weakness, increased lymph nodes, increased leukocyte and anemia. Up to 27 percent of children with acute anterior uveitis pigment attack, cardiovascular disease rare, but there are aortic atresia incomplete, non-specific conduction disturbances. The United States has information reported about 80% of children with a non-specific inflammatory bowel disease. If you suspect your child is suffering from ankylosing spondylitis children, may refer to the following items, ① age of onset less than 16 years old, in more than 8 years of age, men accounted for the vast majority of ②; ③ peripheral joint involvement will, and often for the first symptoms of involvement in the knee joint, hip and ankle for more than a few joints or joint non-symmetry symmetry; ④ hip involvement appeared more damage and disability; ⑤ tendon attachment points inflammation characteristic of this disease; ⑥ lumbosacral pain often in the early months to a few years after; ⑦ HLA-B2, the positive rate of 90 per cent; ⑧ a similar incidence to the family. Of course, this also depends mainly on the content and the final inspection specialists confirmed.

Ankylosing spondylitis complications

Ankylosing spondylitis is a systemic disease, in addition to involving spine, peripheral joints and tendons, ligaments, also involving eyes, heart, lung, kidney and nervous system, and some patients have fever, malaise, weight loss, anemia, night sweats phenomenon 30% of the patients before the disease appeared in the iris inflammation manifested as photophobia, tears, pain patients easy getting on in age from aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular block and bundle branch block; lungs for more performance pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, bacterial infections; nervous system performance for vertigo, tinnitus, deafness, urine excretion obstacles in urinary protein individual patients, and abnormal urine Shen IgA nephropathy.

Gui Yan ankylosing ridge which early stage clinical performance

The early symptoms of the disease compared to hide or may have anorexia, fever, weakness, emaciation, and systemic symptoms such as anemia, a small number of cases, low heat and long-term joint pain, like rheumatic fever performance to high fever, peripheral joints, such as acute inflammation, not performance rare. Such cases mostly younger, and accompanied suffering from weight loss, night sweats and other symptoms. Local symptoms frequently manifests itself lumbosacral pain, and often pain, and sometimes also in exhaustion or injury after sometimes patients consciously Chen Qi, waist rigid sense of activities can be mitigated; sometimes manifested as heel pain, such as tendon, ligament bone attachment Point inflammation, and about half of these patients may also have asymmetrical around performance of arthritis and sore muscles. Subsequent remission often without any clinical symptoms, sometimes sustainable few years, and particularly in female patients. The younger male patients, one of the main symptoms, or should be done further checks on people with intractable iris inflammation, accompanied by one of the above symptoms, the disease should be suspected, should be timely visit to the hospital , so early diagnosis and treatment.

Ankylosing spondylitis early symptoms

Most of ankylosing spondylitis mainly to hide the incidence may be deferred 10-20 years, a small number of acute attacks. Acute fever accompanied with high fever or symptoms, suddenly appeared waist, hip and other joint swelling, severe pain, bed-ridden and could not stand up, causing mark Jiegu ankylosis deformities. Chronic disease is often hidden features not obvious and easy to be ignored, early misdiagnosis rate higher, therefore, the early symptoms of the disease awareness of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is clinically cured of the disease and reduce disability assurance . Early symptoms are sacroiliac Department, the Department of back, hip or joint pain, accompanied by the back of the rigid and rigid sense of this most obvious to Chen Qi, after ease. Expert Advice: In case of lumbosacral, hip part of continuing or intermittent pain, stiffness at the same time a sense of the waist, bending, Squat limited, or of unknown causes in the knee, heel, sternoclavicular, ribbed handle vertebral body , and other small metatarsophalangeal joint pain, it should be vigilant with ankylosing spondylitis, experienced experts will be able to pulse through the combination of X-rays and signs and HLA-B27 investigation can be confirmed.

Ankylosing spondylitis, late symptoms

Advanced lesions in the spinal damage mainly to the illness of the development of upstream and downstream of the two, and accompanied by sacroiliac arthritis. 90% of the patients from the sacroiliac joints, along the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical upstream development, and examination revealed a sacroiliac joint tenderness and Kouji pain, "4" character test positive. To the performance of Yao Ji lumbar backache, and the lumbar flexion, after Ting, bilateral movement is restricted, the normal physiological spinal curvature disappeared or straight, can cause serious lumbar muscle atrophy. To the performance of thoracic back pain, chest, double-threatening pain, chest expansion limited, respiratory pain, Bieqi, could easily lead to Kyphosis. Performance for cervical disease to the cervical, upper limbs and head pain, neck stiffness, limited rotation and below, not to turn back, not stare forward, like a turtle neck deformity. To the progressive development of advanced disease, spinal at all joints are stiff fixed, and the pain has been significantly reduced, spinal X-ray was suggested that bamboo-like change, activities difficulties, joint stiffness, so that patients miserable.

Psoriatic arthritis joints which features

Most of the slow onset of the disease, About 1 / 3 of patients than acute onset, accompanied by fever and other systemic symptoms. A few may first have traumatic history, and then there psoriatic arthritis. As for the incidence of psoriasis and arthritis, about 2 / 3 of patients with psoriasis first by 5-10 years after arthritis, about 15% -20% of patients with arthritis first, about 10 percent of the two both incidence. Involvement refers to the disease, toe joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, such as hand-foot-metatarsophalangeal joint facet mainly, but also involved the wrist, elbow and knee joints, and other large limbs, a small number can be involved sacroiliac joints and spine. Joint involvement often asymmetrical, the most vulnerable distal interphalangeal joint involvement, early involvement hand joints common than foot joints; Apart from joint pain, swelling can be a mix, morning stiffness, so time there will be the ankylosis, and various malformations the degree of dysfunction, a small number of residual damage caused. Psoriatic arthritis according to the number of joints involved, the location and the degree of damage can be divided into the following types: (1) fewer joint or single-joint arthritis in this type of the most common, accounting for about 70 percent. Normally only 23 involved a single or joint, involving hand and foot to the distal or proximal means (toe) and the joints between the metatarsophalangeal joint common. The knee, hip, ankle, wrist can also involved. Distribution often asymmetrical. As with the tenosynovitis of, or involvement in that toe may mean a typical sausage (toe). This type of 1 / 3 to 1 / 2, patients can become relatively symmetric multi-joint type. (2) Multi-arthritis about 15 percent. Mainly involving small hands and feet joints, wrist, elbow, knee, ankle, and some patients showed symmetry Distributed. The number of violations than the joints of rheumatoid arthritis, than the degree of deformity of rheumatoid arthritis light. Some of the patient's serum rheumatoid factor positive. (3) distal refers to wait arthritis-rare. Typical psoriatic arthritis, mainly involving the distal (toe) joint, it is almost always associated with the neighboring nail psoriasis lesions. (4) Mutilating psoriatic arthritis arthritis type is the most serious type, rare. Violations of the phalanx, metacarpal or can be developed to the metatarsal bone serious discretion dissolved. Festival often refers to a "overlaying" phenomenon and the shortening deformities. Ankylosis articular lesions can occur. Accompanied fever, weight loss and serious and extensive skin lesions, and the sacroiliac arthritis. The age of onset and more patients in the 20 to 30-year-old. (5) spinal disease-20% - 40% of psoriatic arthritis patients in sacroiliac joint involvement. As to the performance of ligament Osteophyte spondylitis, can be found in 40 percent of psoriatic arthritis. Osteophyte ligament can occur without the sacroiliac arthritis, and spinal involvement of any location, can cause spinal fusion. More than five kinds of joint disease type, is not immutable, in clinical soil; evolution from one type to another type, there can be several types of joint diseases co-exist.

Omarthritis What are the clinical manifestations

(1) shoulder pain: when the shoulder was initially paroxysmal pain, The majority of chronic seizures, pain gradually increased after Dayton or pain, or knife cuts - like pain and is continuing, climate change or exertion, often add to the pain, pain to the neck and upper limbs can be (especially the elbow) proliferation, when by shoulder accidental collision or when traction can often cause severe pain tearing kind, shoulder the day-night light a major characteristic of this disease, the majority of patients with pain often complain that the morning wake up, not into Anmei, especially not to the lateral side This situation caused due to blood deficiency more obvious if it caused pain to catch cold, particularly sensitive to climate change.
(2) shoulder limited activities: Shoulder activities can be restricted in all directions, outreach, on the move, the more obvious internal and external rotation, with the disease progress, as long disuse weeks shoulder joint capsule caused soft tissue adhesion , decreased muscle strength, coupled with beaks brachial ligament fixed in the internal rotation - shortening factors such as the direction of the shoulder active and passive activities are restricted, when outreach shoulder occurs when typical "carry shoulder" phenomenon, in particular combing, dress, wash,such moves are hardly completed, serious elbow function can be affected when we can not touch elbow flexion ipsilateral shoulder, especially in the arm extension can not be completed at the elbow flexion movements.
(3) cold: cold shoulder from many patients with packet shoulder age, even in the hot summer day, the shoulder would not dare briefing.
(4) tenderness: Most patients can be touched in the shoulder around the obvious tenderness, tenderness many points in the long head of biceps tendon ditch. Subacromial bursa, coracoid process, the supraspinatus muscle attachment points and other places, particularly brachial two long head tendon ditch tendon worse, a few weeks with shoulder extensive soft tissue tenderness, no tenderness points are rare.
(5) muscle cramps and atrophy: deltoid, the supraspinatus muscle around the shoulder muscle, and so early, there will be the cramps, can occur late disuse muscular atrophy, a subacromial processes, on cite inconvenience, and other typical after bending adverse symptoms, instead of reducing pain symptoms at this time.
(6) X-ray and laboratory inspection: conventional radiography, mostly normal, with visible part of the late osteoporosis, without the bone destruction can be seen in the subacromial calcification shadow. Laboratory tests were normal.

The chronic prostatitis and other factors

In addition to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, Repeated congestive prostate, tension and anxiety, and other risk factors, but also what factors and chronic prostatitis relevant?
Immune-related factors and chronic prostatitis. Many scholars have found that patients with chronic prostatitis in the prostatic fluid IgA, IgG, IgM increased, especially IgA increased significantly. Moreover, the numerical immunoglobulin treatment effect with the change, the cure can be returned to normal, while maintaining high levels invalid unchanged.
Zinc and chronic prostate relevant. Zinc is a trace element of the human body. Recently, many scholars have found that the patients with chronic prostatitis seminal plasma and prostatic fluid in the Zn content lower. Now known, the human prostate contains antibacterial substances, called prostate antibacterial factor, is a zinc compounds. However, what is zinc deficiency caused chronic prostatitis or suffering from chronic prostatitis leads to low zinc have not been able to confirm that. In order to increase prostate Zn, some doctors tried oral zinc gluconate or zinc sulfate and other agents for the treatment of zinc prostatitis, but unfortunately, the efficacy of oral formulations of zinc is not sure. And with immunoglobulin with the treatment of chronic prostatitis change, Zinc also can estimate the level of disease prognosis. Some scholars study shows that some prostate infection improved, prostatic fluid aseptic more than a year, but the content of zinc in the prostate sustained low, patients often can not rise again in chronic prostatitis. The lower zinc content of the prostate defense function decline more prone to infection after infection or recurrence.
In addition, since the prostate is a subsidiary of male gonad, and many scholars speculated that the complexity of its neural hormones may also adjustment mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis have a considerable impact, the future remains to be further studied.

Virus prostatitis

More than 20 years ago, Some doctors in the 12 cases of acute prostatitis patients with prostatic fluid virus isolation in the study, resulting in two cases of isolated herpes simplex virus, but in patients with chronic prostatitis isolated virus did not succeed.
In recent years, with the level of progress in clinical testing, as well as the in-depth study of prostate etiology, doctors have the virus isolation chronic prostatitis carried out further research, made some progress. In 1998 China's Zhejiang People's Hospital, a study report that the hospital used polymerase chain reaction technology to 74 cases of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis prostatic fluid for detection of herpes simplex type II, the results showed that the positive rate was 16.2% . For the negative control group, thereby further confirmed the virus non-bacterial prostatitis one of the important causes. The study also noted that, in view of various herpes virus subtype, their study only examined herpes simplex virus type II, which is the subtype of the virus, while other more not included in the inspection list, therefore speculate virus prostatitis the ratio much higher than 16.2%. This suggested that clinicians should be more emphasis on diagnosis and treatment of HIV prostatitis research, but also cautioned part of the non-bacterial prostatitis should be considered ill effect may be related to virus infection.
As for virus isolation is difficult to do the inspection and clinical studies are subject to certain limitations, the current virus prostatitis pathology, symptoms, diagnosis is the lack of experience and information, it remains to be done further clinical study.

Trichomonas Prostatitis

Trichomonas is a human parasite, Parasites in the prostate of it caused prostatitis, to be called trichomonas prostatitis. Some academics have also called this situation will trichomonas prostate disease. Trichomonas prostatitis is not uncommon in clinical practice, but easy to be ignored. The reason is because on the one hand the trichomonas prostatitis diagnosis (find trichomonas) in a difficult situation on the other hand because many clinicians are accustomed to see more prostatitis attributed to the bacterial infection.
As we all know, Trichomonas vaginitis is a common disease of women, when the man was suffering from Trichomonas vaginitis and women, could be transmitted.
Trichomonas prostatitis clinical symptoms and bacterial prostatitis much the same, can be shown at the end voiding pain, perineal, rectum and other discomfort. When the acute attack, may also arise frequency, urgency,such as urinary tract symptoms stimulation, and even systemic symptoms such as fever.
Trichomonas prostatitis patients in outpatient trichomonas generally more difficult to identify, even if the admission of fresh urine specimens or prostate specimens microscopy, they often need to be repeated several times found trichomonas. Outpatient busy with work, and doctors are accustomed to treat bacterial causes of prostatitis patients, and when fluid from the prostate massage has a certain patients with painful, difficult repeated sampling, therefore, diagnosis relatively difficult. However, if such are found prostatitis symptoms, and effects of antibiotic therapy in patients with poor, asked whether the spouse of history in the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis very useful. As men Trichomonas almost without exception, from the woman's infection, and that women's vaginal trichomoniasis tests were carried out both convenient and accurate, to that end, should mobilize them to accept the check. In addition, the spouse suffered from Trichomonas "more" male, still suffering from trichomonas prostatitis possible, because the husband and wife each other through sexual transmission of life, trichomonas infection deferred. Therefore, regardless of trichomonas identified the man directly, or the woman suffering from Trichomonas vaginitis, husband and wife and both sides should jointly oral metronidazole treatment, preferably under the guidance of a doctor medication, and more obvious effects can be received .
Finally would also like to mention that, trichomonas can prostatitis patients with bacterial infection, in the course of diagnosis and treatment of this factor should not be overlooked, if done prostatic fluid bacterial culture can be discovered that a number of bacterial growth, bacteria were doing drugs cause sensitive tests at the same time to use antibiotics treatment, the effect would be more significant.

The special performance of neonatal pneumonia

Young parents, When you return from maternity homes to the cute little angel, relatives and friends around the children, should be turned down tens of millions of people suffering from the flu visit. Even normal pharyngeal also has a variety of viruses and bacteria, to prevent kissed newborn's face and mouth. Kiss will be adopted so as to avoid transmission of pathogens children. The delicate newborns ranging in the upper respiratory tract infection, and if a pneumonia.
Neonatal pneumonia, and often suffering from cold because of adults or children contact infection. As newborns weak resistance, bacteria or virus easily spread downwards respiratory tract caused pneumonia.
Infant pneumonia and neonatal pneumonia symptoms very different, the onset pneumonia in infants often have fever, and cough, dyspnea are serious, I Zhou cyanosis, lethargy, a one nose, antifeedant and other performance. While neonatal pneumonia often fever, and sometimes the whole body instead of the cool temperature does not rise, not even cough. When parents see the newborn bubble, and enjoyed the when it is necessary to pay attention to. If the babies respond poor, or the Green looking gray hair, as an adult groaning and dyspnea, small nose kept Fanning, small head with short breath and respiratory add 1.1 points at the same time (that nod respiratory medicine), sternum, ribs in the soft tissue between the inspiratory Depression occurs when, at this time have a very serious illness, to hospital treatment, may not have the slightest delay.

Neonatal Clinical manifestations of intracranial hemorrhage

(1) intracranial hemorrhage common clinical manifestations The clinical manifestations of intracranial bleeding and bleeding site, the extent of bleeding. Reflected mainly in the excitement of the central nervous system, inhibited symptoms, Multiple birth three days within. Early symptoms of excitement, such as irritability, cerebral scream, convulsions, and so on. With the condition, it appeared inhibited state, such as drowsiness, coma, muscle tone low, hugging anti - such as when weaken or disappear. Often looking pale, bruised, the former full or uplift, eyes staring, blink, double-jung fixed pupil size, light reflectivity disappear, or irregular breathing, such as performance of the suspension. (B) the location of the clinical features of hemorrhage 1. Subdural hemorrhage As more production from injury. First cerebellar hemorrhage on the screen showed, cerebral scream, eyes staring convulsions, and other exciting performance, and the illness was further developed, there will be the inhibition. Screen cerebellar hemorrhage bleeding lesions oppression by the medulla oblongata, there will be the disturbance of consciousness, irregular breathing, or paroxysmal apnea stop breathing, muscle tone lower. 2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage More common in premature infants, often stifled history for the primary, as well as intraventricular hemorrhage or expandable hardware under subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by the blood flow. Less can be asymptomatic hemorrhage, or only, low muscle tone, often in one week resume. The amount of bleeding symptoms are more obvious, there may be convulsions, but he was clearly convulsion interval. Let difficult subarachnoid blood brainstem compression, the prognosis is good, but can also be serious bleeding condition deteriorated rapidly and even death, can be left with hydrocephalus sequels. 3. Brain Hemorrhage For many premature infants. No specific clinical manifestations, when bleeding to the brain stem compression, can be manifested as apnea and bradycardia. 4. Periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage More common in premature infants with asphyxia at birth and history of. Clinical manifestations such as these, and often occurred in Health after 24 to 48 hours, the symptoms of varying severity. Severe cases can rapidly deteriorate, in a few minutes or a few hours into the coma, convulsions, muscle tension of the lower limbs, the former plump, pupillary light reflex disappeared, such as apnea. More than amount of bleeding, anemia, blood pressure did not rise. 5. Epidural hemorrhage Common in forceps delivery, often accompanied skull fracture. Symptoms significantly increased intracranial pressure, a serious brain stem dysfunction gradually worsened or even death. 6. Cerebellar hemorrhage Many occurred in very low birth weight infants. Rapid onset, apnea, bradycardia and brainstem dysfunction.

Treatment of acute pyelonephritis principle

Treatment of acute pyelonephritis appropriate infection control as soon as possible, but in addition to pyelonephritis-induced adverse factors and symptomatic treatment.
(1) selection of appropriate infection control timely antibiotics, and not wait for the results of urine culture and sensitivity test returns, so as to avoid adversely affect the condition. Generally preferred against Gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to the antibiotics, because 80 per cent of the pyelonephritis is this type of bacteria caused. Or urine smear, Gram staining choose antibiotics. To a wide spectrum of antibacterial antibiotics for good. And the choice of drugs in the blood and urine of both higher concentration, lower renal toxicity. 72-hour drug to be ineffective (not relieve symptoms or urine test no better), for other antibiotics, not frequent dressing.
Use enough treatment is generally 10-14 days, or follow-up treatment ease symptoms 3-5 days. After treatment to follow-up observation, a weekly review of conventional urine and urine cultures, six weeks after the Yin without pyuria and urine can cure that. If the short duration of treatment is not completely, or not review after treatment, it is possible to chronic or recurrent, the full course of treatment and follow-up is very important.
(2) are in addition to factors such as easy to perplex the formal treatment with antibiotics symptoms did not improve, pyuria of urine or not disappear, and treatment should be actively looking for pyelonephritis-induced factors - risk factors. If solve urinary tract obstruction, treatment of chronic diseases, such as metabolic disorders corrected.
(3) symptomatic treatment bed rest and high-calorie, high-vitamin diet help restore the body, it is important to provide them with adequate irrigation water for urinary tract, encourage water to maintain adequate urine. Of urgency, frequency, Niaotong symptoms, may give Atropa belladonna, atropine, and other agents of the pain or take acupuncture therapy (taking Zusanli, Guanyuan, such as extremely or Sanyinjiao point), so as to ease urine pain and dysuria. Serving sodium bicarbonate alkaline urine, and also helps alleviate Nitong such as urinary discomfort.

Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis principle

Due to chronic pyelonephritis repeated attack, kidney inflammation and to repair the turn, connective tissue proliferation and scar formation, making poor local blood supply, antibiotics difficult to access lesions local drainage impeded, difficult to remove bacteria, inflammation refractory , impaired renal tissue repair difficult. And the resumption of kidney damage, from repeated infection is also an important factor. Thus the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis focus on the eradication of bacteria as soon as possible, to resume as soon as possible kidney damage. At the same time actively looking for risk factors, and has to do, is the prerequisite for an effective antibiotic therapy. Such as surgical treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy, urinary tract obstruction can be lifted, can be a more effective treatment pyelonephritis. On the principles of antibiotic therapy:
(1) the choice of antibiotics regular urine culture and colony counting, and taking into account the results of drug sensitivity tests to choose the most sensitive to antibiotics. As more stubborn bacteria to antibiotics combined 2-3 better.
(2) The course of treatment for chronic pyelonephritis is the key to success, not enough drug treatment, even though the treatment effective, often fails to completely wipe out the bacteria, resistant trained at the same time, bacteria have a break once the appropriate conditions, relapsed, and the illness was deferred. Therefore, acute chronic pyelonephritis, according to the treatment of acute pyelonephritis principle medication, the course of not less than four weeks. When clinical symptoms were controlled, it can stop observation, the general urine routine monthly inspection, and a urine culture, a total of six months. If there are still bacteria in urine, can be long-term low-dose antibacterial treatment, the specific method is as follows: every night before sleep after voiding a single oral dose of antibiotics, the dose daily dose 1/3-1/2. Antimicrobial 3-4 choice for a group of recycling, so that side effects can be minimized, but also the prevention of the formation of drug resistance, but also achieve better inhibitory effect. Such as the choice of co-trimoxazole, Amoxycillin, such as cephalosporin Ⅳ. Course there is still no decision can be four months, six months or even one year.

Pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis

[Summary]
Acute pyelonephritis is a common complication of pregnancy. The incidence of all maternal 0.5-8%, the total treatment can be repeated if not attack, the development of chronic pyelonephritis, or even develop into renal failure. Physiological changes during pregnancy can be induced following pyelonephritis occur: (1) secretion of estrogen and progesterone increase in the number of estrogen to pelvis, kidney, ureter and bladder muscle hypertrophy and progesterone to the expansion weakened peristalsis (2) during pregnancy increasing oppression uterus and pelvic ureter, a different degree of mechanical obstruction, due to uterine D, expansion of the right ureter more obvious distortions; (3) increased after the pregnant uterus and bladder fetal head upward over, there are easy voiding difficulty, and urinary retention; (4) of glucose in urine during pregnancy, amino acids and other nutrients to increase the content is conducive to bacterial growth. As a result of these changes, coupled with the female urethral short urethra near the anus, bacteria-infected upstream along the urethra, production, post-natal infection caused catheterization is one of the reasons why. Gram-negative bacteria and pathogens The most common Staphylococcus aureus.
[Symptoms of the disease]
1. Mild had no obvious symptoms and signs, only slightly lower back pain, easy to be ignored. 2. Symptoms of renal pelvis sudden inspection found urine of urine disease, with low back pain, fever, chills, pain knocking kidney area, 3 percent in toxic shock. 3. Fetus can occur abortion, premature birth, or neural tube development obstacles.
[Diagnosis]
1. Pregnancy appear chills, fever, chills, lower back pain, kidney pain knocking District 2. Urine examination that bacteria, IL> 10 / high power-vision 3. Urine culture bacteria count> 105 / mk.
[Principle of]
1. Clear plot urine; lateral rotation around, the more water daily urine output> 2000 mk 2. Kill germs, according to urine culture and sensitivity test results used antibiotics 3. Prevent drugs on fetal damage
[Evaluation]
1. Recent cure: After treatment, paragraphs 2, six weeks review urine bacteria were negative. Symptoms and signs disappeared. 2. Cure: treatment after symptoms and signs disappeared, tracking six months without recurrence. 3. Recovered: no obvious symptoms and signs improved, urine checks still positive bacteria.
[Expert tips]
Acute pyelonephritis is a common complication of pregnancy, the general is not only pelvis inflammation, accompanied nephritis. Incidence rate of 0.5-8 per cent, of which some patients were asymptomatic of urine disease, easily missed. 3% of patients with toxic shock, if not complete treatment, repeated attacks can be transformed into chronic pyelonephritis, or even develop into kidney failure, life-threatening. Therefore, treatment is the key to timely complete and recommendations to hospitals with better conditions. According urine culture and sensitivity test results used antibiotics, antibiotics should be adequate dosage, but also consider drugs on gastric function and fetal damage, symptoms and signs disappeared after repeatedly to check urine were negative bacteria, yet to be six months follow-up governance more to the treatment of patients with a thorough explanation of the importance of co-operation, the formal treatment, the majority of patients with incurable, asymptomatic bacteriuria urine disease, 30% developed into symptoms pyelonephritis, it once found, needed time treatment. Most patients fetus can survive, but can be severe in miscarriage, premature labour, early pregnancy, the incidence of neural tube can cause fetal stunting.

The diagnosis of fatty liver

Fatty Liver rely mainly on the history, clinical performance and laboratory examinations, in particular the B ultrasound and CT diagnosis. Points can be summarized as follows: 1. Eat a history of violent alcoholism, lack of exercise, such as the history of abnormal behaviour, or chronic liver disease, liver or taking poison of history. Recent overweight (that is, more than 10% of standard weight) or suffering from obesity (more than 20% of standard weight), or abdominal fat savings, or hyperlipidemia history. 2. Clinical manifestations can be asymptomatic, or inability to fatigue, liver discomfort, Chan Man, or even pain, abdominal distention, Weina poor, such as facial acne. 3. B liver ultrasound or CT and MR examination showed fatty liver image. 4. Laboratory raised blood lipids, particularly triglycerides; normal liver function or mild to moderate abnormality. Alcoholic fatty liver more ethanol in blood and increased uric acid concentrations, and serum IgA often significantly higher, and ethanol transparent body. Fatty liver hepatitis after more than a HBsAg, HBeAg positive. Fatty liver toxicity in the blood concentration anomalies. A diabetic fatty liver glucose, urinary glucose, plasma insulin abnormalities. Hyperthyroidism fatty liver and elevated T3 and T4. Clinically, fatty liver in history, B-liver and liver function and blood lipids such circumstances, the diagnosis can be made, can be confirmed with biopsy.　

Why hepatitis patients with fatty liver

Acute hepatitis due to decreased appetite over a period of time, can cause malnutrition, caloric,
lack of protein, vitamins and choline and methionine substances such as fat, can cause protein,
caloric malnutrition fatty liver . Severely damaged liver cells, liver cells in fat decomposition and oxidation reduction results
neutral fat accumulation in liver cells, is also the cause of fatty liver. Viral hepatitis, liver
cell degeneration their piece of endoplasmic reticulum membrane degradation to network or clumps,
rough endoplasmic reticulum is reduced, such as expansion with threshing. And the piece of
endoplasmic reticulum function is complex, and lipoprotein synthesis, free fatty acids were related
to the activation. Intrahepatic often accompanied by inflammation of the liver microcirculation and
cell proliferative changes in the liver cells to induce some hypoxia, ischemia, cells between the
blood and oxygen exchange with insufficient material to the liver fatty acid oxidation reduction. The
above changes are intrahepatic polysaccharide and ATP decreased hepatic lipoprotein synthesis
reduction, triglyceride and apolipoprotein a combination of obstacles, the output decline in
triglyceride accumulation in the liver and a fatty liver.
In hepatitis recovery, a significant increase in appetite, caloric surplus that is stored in the form
of fat and obesity occurred, followed by a fatty liver. This is a certain relationship between
obesity. Obesity "excessive intake of fatty liver" in the real mechanism is not high caloric food,
and with the relative lack of protein and choline, if only to patients with high fever and additional
cards protein dietary choline does not make the Fatty liver removed and glucose metabolism and the
mechanism of the disorder. So with fatty liver hepatitis also may be due to medical personnel in the
course of treatment of hepatitis positive Hugan treatment, substantial long-term intravenous glucose,
excessive restriction of activities, high-calorie diet for the results.

Hypertension and Hypertension distinction

In real life, many people often confuse hypertension and hypertension, high blood pressure is found that as long as hypertension, or to hypertension referred to as high blood pressure, in fact they are two different concepts. Hypertension is a symptom, and can not be regarded as an independent disease. Many diseases, such as acute and chronic nephritis, pyelonephritis, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, primary aldosteronism, elevated blood pressure can occur phenomenon. But because most of this is secondary to hypertension disease, commonly known as secondary hypertension or symptoms of hypertension. Hypertension is an independent disease, also known as hypertension, or high blood pressure more than 90% of patients. Its etiology is not entirely clear, clinical blood pressure increased with the main feature, but as her illness became more serious, often heart, brain, kidney and other organ involvement, a functional or organic changes, such as hypertension and heart disease, congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency, cerebral hemorrhage and other complications. The cause different pathology, treatment is the same principle. Only by actively essential hypertension treatment of hypertension, can be effective in preventing complications and secondary hypertension treatment of the primary disease is first of all, can we effectively control the development of hypertension, only antihypertensive drug control blood pressure is very difficult to cure, therefore, clinical encountered hypertensive patients, we must rule out other diseases caused by hypertension, can be diagnosed with hypertension.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hypertension

The World Health Organization recommends the use of the diagnostic criteria for hypertension is: Normal adult blood pressure: systolic 18.66 kpa or less, diastolic blood pressure (whichever is the voice disappeared) 11.99 kpa or below. Hypertension (adult): SBP 21.33 kpa or above, and (or) DBP 12.66 kpa or more. Borderline hypertension: blood pressure in the above-mentioned values between normal and high blood pressure. Where blood pressure continued to achieve higher standards of hypertension, and may be excluded from secondary hypertension, can be diagnosed with hypertension. Found that the initial high blood pressure patients, many times to review the same day blood pressure, especially non-blood pressure, fear of mental stress, emotional or physical activity caused by the temporary blood pressure, early misdiagnosed as hypertension. On the question of patients, to the period of observation to the conclusion for properly.
Clinical generally be measured is divided into three types of hypertension, contribute to the development of disease control and the development of rational control measures. ① first phase: blood pressure level reached diagnosed hypertension, clinical unmotivated, brain and kidney complications. ② Phase II: Blood pressure level reached diagnosed hypertension, and one of the following: physical examination, x line, ECG or ultrasound have left ventricular hypertrophy; retinal artery generally small or local variable; proteinuria and serum creatinine concentration mild increased. ③ Phase III: Blood pressure level reached diagnosed hypertension, and one of the following: cerebral hemorrhage or hypertensive encephalopathy; left heart failure, renal failure; or exudative retinal hemorrhage, papilledema dispensable. Differential diagnosis to consider: An acute and chronic nephritis; 2 chronic pyelonephritis; 3 pheochromocytoma; 4 primary aldosteronism; 5 renovascular hypertension.

For various reasons outlined in esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer occurs in the epithelial tissue of esophageal cancer, accounting for 2% of all malignant tumors. The world every year about 200,000 people die of esophageal cancer, China is
High incidence area of esophageal cancer, esophageal cancer deaths due to gastric cancer in second place after the onset age in more than 40 years old and above, more men than women. But in recent years, under 40 years of age
Incidence have growth trend. And the occurrence of esophageal cancer nitrosamines chronic stimulation, inflammation and trauma, genetic factors, as well as drinking water, grain and vegetables in the Trace Elements
Content. However, the exact reasons unclear, pending study.

Understanding of the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer

Bad eating habits: Food and rough, quality hardware and eating overheating, excessive drinking, and so on, are concerned with the incidence of esophageal cancer.
Other esophageal lesions: Some esophageal lesions, such as esophageal achalasia, esophagitis, benign esophageal stenosis, esophageal mucosa, such as leukoplakia patients with esophageal disease
, The higher the incidence of esophageal cancer, and esophageal mucosa lesions may suffer long-term stimuli.
Nitrite Derivatives Impact: This is a highly carcinogenic substances, esophageal high incidence area residents like to mouldy food such as sauerkraut, dried turnip,
Miso, cornmeal, etc., containing nitrite and its predecessor, the more material (nitrate, nitrite), the role of nitrate can be fungal or by the acid in the stomach for
Use can be reduced to nitrite. Streptomyces Decomposable food protein content increased 2 amine, and promote Synthesis of nitrite. Trace Elements: According to epidemiological survey found that esophageal cancer in the high incidence area of water and soil molybdenum, copper, cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, zinc, and other trace elements in the low may
And the incidence of esophageal cancer. Mo, nitrate accumulation in plants, and under certain conditions will promote the formation of nitrite amine carcinogens.
Genetic factors: high incidence area of esophageal cancer in patients with positive family history, there are up to 27% ~ 61% of patients with familial chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes higher rate. This shows that
, Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in a certain relationship between internal and external factors may also is a common role.

Various performance characteristics of chronic gastritis

Common: 1, the slow onset, many after eating upper abdominal pain or discomfort, often erratic paroxysmal or persistent pain. 2, may be associated with anorexia or loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension and the navel. 3, there will be suffering from weight loss, fatigue weakness, diarrhea, Shetan, nail fragile and anemia, iron deficiency anemia for more. 4, checks can be found on a slight abdominal tenderness, skin and mucous pale, smooth tongue, such as less moss. Different points: 1, superficial gastritis: anorexia, Baozhang abdominal discomfort after a meal, or a pressure navel after consciously uncomfortable, or have nausea, vomiting, pain and other anti-acid or. 2, atrophic gastritis: anorexia, the meal Baozhang, upper abdominal Duntong, are also suffering from weight loss, anemia and diarrhea. 3, hypertrophic gastritis: upper abdominal pain similar ulcer disease, or can be served by the consumption of basic drugs temporarily alleviate pain, often dyspepsia, and some patients can be complicated by stomach bleeding.

What refers to the common stomach illness

Clinical work, often encountered gastropathy Below are a few major categories: (1) inflammation categories: ① acute gastritis: Simple including acute gastritis, acute erosive gastritis, acute gastritis corrosion. ② chronic gastritis include: chronic superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis. (2) ulcer categories: gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, stress ulcer, gastric and duodenal ulcer compound. (3) tumor: gastric cancer Most of the other with stomach cancer leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma. Part of benign tumors such as leiomyoma, fibroma, lipoma, hemangioma, etc.. (4) Other: lower esophageal mucosa tear cardiac syndrome, pyloric obstruction, foreign body in stomach, stomach after anastomotic inflammation, such as stomach neurosis.

Emphysema patients how to self-care

(1) from the original disease incidence, such as bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and silicosis, it is necessary to actively control. The disease of pulmonary function due to damage and affect the health and resistance, and the two reinforce each other, so usually pay attention to tone, promote good health and resistance is to improve lung function is the fundamental methods, and to establish a cure confident that the disease is not incurable. (2) according to the patients physically, actively participate in appropriate activities. If jogging is the most complete coordination of body movements, can increase endurance and lung capacity, respiratory jogging maintain uniformity, can enough oxygen into the body. Taijiquan, soft parade, such as walking can promote good health and exercise maintained for many years where patients rest more than those who are less better stay healthy. (3) emphysema patients most Boling winter, and it is very susceptible to colds, upper respiratory tract infection symptoms each increase, also affects lung function, exercise can improve patients cold resistance. Spring, the first friction with both hands on the head and face and lower extremities exposed part of a day several times, each for a few minutes, it is better to reddish skin, in the summer indoor Jinyu cold water with a towel after fastening body dry friction, the daily 1 -2 meeting. Calian afterwards to switch to cold water. This tempered by the cold, can reduce suffering from a cold, upper respiratory tract infection. (4) infection in the lungs of emphysema patients, bed rest must, in accordance with the instructions positive anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic spasm, and medication on time. At the meeting not act with undue haste, in principle, mainly to Eliminating Pathogens. Infection control can be transferred gradually fill, if peacetime tired of weak, susceptible to colds, a lung Qi, the choice of Astragalus, ginseng, shielding, white and others, to replenishing Qi. (5) pay attention to nutrition, increase body resistance. Appropriate selection of high protein and rich vitamin content of foods, such as dairy products, eggs, gravy. Usually diet to light, not Guoxian, and to regularly quantitative. Eat more fruits and vegetables, such as deprivation of seafood, such as shrimp, owls, fish and so on. Temperance to quit smoking.

Emphysema, and lung cancer patients should seriously consider surgery to levy

According to British scholar, after one second past the expected rate ppoFEV1 <40% of the patients with lung cancer usually does not advocate surgery, but the latest study found that the lung cancer patients with emphysema ppoFEV1 calculated accurately, therefore their operation Indications should be reconsidered.
Leicester City Glenfield Hospital DA Waller and colleagues of 29 cases of lung cancer patients with emphysema after lobectomy efficacy were evaluated, of which 14 were ppoFEV1 <40%> 40% ( Group B).
The results showed that in Group B in FEV1 Perioperative significantly reduced, and no group A of the phenomenon. Despite ppoFEV1 different, but after surgery in March FEV1 were no significant differences. In addition, within 30 days after two deaths in group A, while in group B did not. Nevertheless, the average survival time were similar.
Moreover, for emphysema patients, the removal of non-functional lung tissue can sometimes improve their postoperative pulmonary function. Therefore, the standard ppoFEV1 calculation method may have underestimated its value after the real FEV1.
Dr. Waller pointed out that when the decision on the lung cancer patients with emphysema for tumor resection, surgery should be considered due to lung volume reduction of its impact. He suggested that clinical ppoFEV1 for 40% of the surgical critical point should not continue to apply to such patients.

Tuberculous empyema

As outlined pleural empyema infected with TB and that tuberculous empyema. Often because the diagnosis, treatment and the long-delayed formation of a more chronic empyema. Pleural tuberculosis causes violations of ways : by blood or lymphatic circulation causing infections, pulmonary tuberculosis direct violation of pleural lesions, or lesions rupture of tuberculosis directly into the chest, while the gas into the chest, and formed pyopneumothorax. even bronchopleural fistula. Empyema is artificial pneumothorax or surgical treatment of tuberculosis complications. Bone tuberculosis or tuberculosis chest wall may also penetrated the chest. Pathological changes of pleural tuberculosis infection early, acute inflammation, congestion, exudative, and form nodules scattered tuberculosis, Pleural effusion as serous containing leukocyte protein and fiber, take a longer period of time gradually becomes chronic tuberculous empyema. Fiberboard thick, hard, and often calcification. Fiberboard contraction so that intercostal space narrowing, ribs deformation was triangular cross-section, intercostal muscle atrophy, spinal convex to the healthy side. Empyema can be restricted or wholly empyema. Empyema sometimes to the intercostal rupture, or even violating the ribs, cold abscess formation or break up the skin form of skin sinus, discharging more than long-term. Diagnostic X-ray and chronic empyema basically the same, with the contralateral lung lesions of tuberculosis easier diagnosis, ipsilateral lung TB lesions are often covered up by effusion, it is difficult to determine the nature. Thoracentesis out more rarefied Pott, Pott may contain stem Cool-like substance. Be diagnosed in Pott found tuberculosis, but in clinical testing, it is very difficult to check TB. Therefore, when Pott lymphocytes, or ordinary bacterial culture negative, it should consider tuberculous empyema, TB patients with empyema, should first consider tuberculous empyema diagnosis. X-ray shows the size Vomica, at the same time show whether pulmonary tuberculosis and diseases, CT better understanding of the disease and Vomica minor changes. Clinical manifestations of tuberculous empyema the clinical manifestations vary considerably, the majority of the slow onset, fatigue, fever as the main symptoms, Secondly not night sweating, chest tightness, coughing, the early pleural empyema absorption is quite strong, and the more obvious symptoms of poisoning. If empyema more could happen short breath, difficulty in breathing and other symptoms. When bronchopleural fistula, it will be irritating cough, cough and sputum the position. Contralateral berth when cough and sputum increase. If bronchopleural fistula caused Disseminated tuberculosis, poisoning symptoms will be very clear that the severity of illness. After infection, fever, leukocytosis, with symptoms similar to acute empyema. Treatment of tuberculous empyema is the main treatment antituberculosis treatment often requires the combined application of isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol the three drugs. Early tuberculosis sex Leung, empyema small, active and effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, nutrition, proper rest, may improve absorption. If a large number of effusion, pleural puncture trip was to promote acceptance, it must pay attention to preventing secondary infection. In the event beyond the control of the drug secondary infection should be avoided before the close thoracic drainage, TB because the pathological changes in lung tissue and can not expand, thoracic drainage after Vomica not eliminated, but will also increase the chance of infection. If tuberculous empyema with bronchopleural fistula or serious infection, to be at full positive drainage at the same time strengthen the antibiotic treatment, otherwise difficult to control disease, but also may increase lung metastasis, to be considered in stable condition after surgery. Tuberculous empyema of the major thoracic surgery angioplasty and pleural pneumonectomy. not only in lung lesions with no air support endometrial tuberculosis caused by bronchial stenosis circumstances they can be adopted stripping pleural fibreboard detachment surgery, lung not expand, Vomica not kill, or swelling of lung after lung lesion formation empty deterioration, resulting in surgery failed. Surgery should antituberculous therapy for more than 3 months, tuberculosis under control, stability after the lesion.

Chronic heart failure

Etiopathologic etiology and pathogenesis affect cardiac output decision of the five factors : ① heart of the former load after load ②, ③ myocardial contractility, ④ heart rate, myocardial contractility ⑤ coordination. These factors were single or multiple changes may affect cardiac function, or even heart failure. 1, the basic cause (1) ventricular diastolic overload before returning excess fluid, If aortic or mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal defect, PDA etc, make left ventricular diastolic overloaded, resulting in left ventricular failure; congenital atrial septal defect can right ventricular diastolic overloaded, leading to right heart failure. Anemia, hyperthyroidism high cardiac output disease, upon reflection increased output and increased left, The right ventricle diastolic load, which led to the whole-hearted failure. (2) after overloading such as high blood pressure, aortic stenosis or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. make left ventricular systolic heavier load can lead to left ventricular failure. Pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, right ventricular systolic heavier load can lead to right heart failure. (3) myocardial contractility in common weakened as a result of coronary atherosclerosis caused by ischemia or myocardial necrosis. various causes of myocarditis (viral, immunologic, toxic, bacterial), unexplained cardiac disease, severe anemia and heart disease hyperthyroid heart disease, myocardial contractility can be significantly weakened, lead to heart failure. (4) ventricular systolic uncoordinated myocardial ischemia suffered serious local myocardial contractility unable or uncoordinated contraction. If aneurysm. (5) reduced ventricular compliance as ventricular hypertrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ventricular compliance markedly reduced, can affect the ventricular diastolic heart function and influence. 2, inducing factor (1) of viral infection on the flu and lung infection-induced heart failure is the common incentive, In addition to direct infection of myocardial damage, fever enable faster heart rate also increased cardiac load. (2) the heavy manual work or emotional. (3) arrhythmia particularly rapid arrhythmia, such as paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation. all can increase the heart load, reduce cardiac output, which led to heart failure. (4) pregnancy maternity increase blood volume in women during pregnancy, childbirth due to contraction of the uterus, upon reflection markedly increased blood volume, coupled with the forced labor, the heart is heavier load. (5) infusion (or excessive or excessive blood transfusion) or liquid sodium excessive importation, sudden increase in blood volume, overloading induced heart failure. (6) severe anemia or bleeding myocardial ischemia, heart rate faster, increasing heart load. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of heart failure in the development process can be divided into cardiac decompensation and decompensated. A cardiac function decompensated heart of a large reserve force, when the sick in the heart load increase cardiac output decrease, Heart through the following channels for compensatory and cardiac output increased even close to normal, the cardiac function of the decompensated stage. Compensatory starting role ways : (1) cardiac sympathetic nerve dysfunction excited at the beginning, cardiac output reduction blood pressure dropped to stimulate the body aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptor. Meanwhile ventricular end-diastolic pressure and blood volume increase atrial stimulation, venous pressure sensors, both can lead to reflex sympathetic excited that the myocardial contractility strengthen, rapid heart rate, cardiac output increase. (2) ventricular end-diastolic volume increased due to sympathetic excitement through increased catecholamine release, the body tissues and organs within the vessels, including vascular resistance and capacitance vessels have different degrees of contraction so that blood volume redistribution to ensure that the heart, brain and other vital organs supply. Vasoconstriction capacity so that blood volume decrease venous hypertension, the increase in blood volume upon reflection. In addition, a renin angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, strengthening the kidney on sodium and water absorption, cell and the extracellular fluid increased blood volume, upon reflection volume increased even more. Frank - Starling law, that is not ventricular diastolic volume in scope, can enhance cardiac contractility, thereby increasing cardiac output. (3) cardiac hypertrophy lasting capacity load heavier load or pressure, can myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial contraction of a muscle functional unit increase in the number of sections, thus enhancing myocardial contractility. Through the above compensatory function, cardiac output, but they can also adapt to the human body in the middle degree of manual metabolism, bleeding occurred without symptoms, known as decompensated heart function. 2, heart function decompensated heart when change has been increasing, cardiac dysfunction than its compensatory function, appeared decompensated heart function, its main pathophysiological changes are : (a) speed up the heart rate, cardiac output to reduce heart failure early compensatory accelerated heart rate, While helping to increase cardiac output to reach or come close to the normal level, however, the heart rate also increased myocardial oxygen consumption. and coronary blood supply and ventricular filling time, so stroke volume decreased cardiac output but lower. (2) water, sodium pool wandering cardiac output, the reduction caused by the redistribution of blood, renal blood flow reduction. Renal blood flow decreased glomerular filtration rate can reduce or increase renin secretion. further role in the liver of angiotensinogen, angiotensin I-formation. Angiotensin after lung and renal circle, converting enzyme in the role, the formation of tension-2, The latter will have to make systemic and renal artery spasm small increase renal ischemia, has also prompted more adrenocortical secretion of aldosterone and enable increased sodium retention, plasma osmolality increased to stimulate the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus near the osmotic pressure sensors, Reflex to make posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretion of antidiuretic hormone increase, which would cause sodium and water retention, increased blood volume. venous and capillary pressure and congestive increased. (3) ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased heart failure, decreased myocardial contractility and cardiac output decrease, ventricular cavity residual blood volume increased ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased venous obstruction. caused venous stasis and venous pressure, however, When the capillary hydrostatic pressure higher than plasma osmolality and organizational pressure, capillary fluid extravasation, edema.