Bronchogenic carcinoma

Overview also known as bronchogenic carcinoma lung cancer (lung cancer) is a common malignancy, In recent years the incidence and mortality rates are on an upward trend, with the onset of air pollution, occupational carcinogen - inhalation and exposure, smoking, repeated lung infection, which has serious risks to human health, improve early diagnosis and treatment of medical workers is the current direction. A diagnosis. History and symptoms : slow onset, hidden passage, more than 40 years after the disease, the incidence of young and middle-aged in recent years, there is a growing trend, symptoms and signs as the tumor type, location, size, metastasis or complications varies. Respiratory symptoms, often cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, chest tightness shortness of breath, bronchial tumor suppression may have difficulty in breathing, After the merger, there may be infected with obstructive pneumonia, fever, Caledonia SAP, and other symptoms. 2. Check body found : Early and peripheral lung cancer can be no positive findings. central lung cancer may be due to tumor suppression or violation of bronchial adjacent tissues, recurrent laryngeal nerve or the phrenic nerve limitations arising wheezing, hoarseness, diaphragm paralysis and neck syndrome (Horner syndrome), the superior vena cava syndrome, dysphagia. Non-small cell lung cancer can poke fingers (toe), or hypertrophic osteoarthritis, small cell lung cancer will have neuroendocrine disorders such as pulmonary symptoms. Distant metastasis after corresponding clinical symptoms and signs. 3. Supplementary examination : (1) sputum cytology : positive rate will depend on the number of specimens submitted and the quality generally up to 70 ~ 80%. Bronchoscopy brushing the cytological examination of sputum-positive rate is higher than the seizure. (2) chest X-ray examination : Central can be found hilar block video was lobulated, Peripheral who were isolated or nodular massive impact, was lobulated or surrounding a small burr, bronchiolo - alveolar carcinoma for small nodular or diffuse small point patchy shadows, pleura, there will be images of pleural effusion. With obstructive pneumonia inflammatory X-ray findings. Chest CT or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) examination of the location of the tumor, size, and the availability of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of a larger judgment reference value. (3) fiberoptic bronchoscopy : Brush viable films or biopsy examination, The positive rate of 50 ~ 95% and inspection personnel and the level of experience. Bronchofiberscope the lavage fluid for cytology, cancer markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen testing will also help diagnosis. (4) Other inspections : If Radionuclide lung scan, thoracoscopy, thoracic fluid cytology diagnosis can help. 4. Differential diagnosis : the disease should pay attention to and tuberculosis, obstructive pneumonia, mediastinal lymphoma as well. Treatment generally use surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and other comprehensive measures. 1. Surgical Treatment : Phase II of the disease prior to the highly suspected lung cancer can be considered exploratory thoracotomy. Advanced right to alleviate the symptoms of patients, to relieve pain in the body when conditions permit feasible lesion resection. 2. Anti-cancer drug therapy (chemotherapy) : small cell lung cancer certainly, non-small cell lung cancer on the efficacy of chemotherapy poor. Generally use two different three-point role of anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide (VP-16). Cisplatin, Carboplatin, VCR and other combination chemotherapy. Treatment process should regularly observe blood. Common programs : small cell carcinoma; P E (cisplatin + etoposide), or C E O (cyclophosphamide + vincristine + etoposide. Non-small cell carcinoma; C A P (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cisplatin) or C A M (cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + MTX). 3. Fang Radio therapy (radiotherapy) : limitations on the scope of diseases without peripheral transfer, inappropriate surgery to alleviate the symptoms to relieve pain or to improve surgical treatment, Radiotherapy can be conducted. radiation effects small cell lung cancer better, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma poor. 4. Other treatment : If transfer factor, interferon, immune RNA, anti-lung cancer monoclonal antibodies and other immune therapy; No lesions were confined peripheral metastasis use bronchial artery interventional therapy; Chinese medicine may, under the conditions chosen. Attention should also be given to meeting outside of nutritional support, treatment of symptomatic treatment.