Viral pneumonia

Overview of acute respiratory infections, viral infections accounted for 90%, while HIV infection is mainly respiratory above, the common cold, pharyngitis, throat-tracheal - bronchitis, bronchiolitis, Infant Herpangina Yan (herpangina) and the epidemic of chest pain (pleurodynia) and so on. Pneumonia caused by the virus rare, with common influenza virus, the other for parainfluenza virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, rhinovirus virus, the coronavirus and certain intestinal viruses, such as Coxsackie, Egypt can viruses, and herpes simplex. Varicella - Zoster, rubella, measles virus. Infants also are often dictated by respiratory syncytial virus infection have pneumonia. Viral pneumonia occurred in the winter season, or can be distributed pop outbreak. In non-bacterial pneumonia, viral infections account for about 25% ~ 50% of patients, many of them children, adult relatively rare. In recent years, because of immunosuppressive drug widely used cancer, organ transplantation, the incidence of AIDS and the number is increasing year by year. Herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, can cause severe pneumonia. Viral pneumonia for inhalation infection, the droplets through person-to-person transmission. mainly from upper respiratory tract infection caused by the spread downward, accompanied trachea - bronchitis, livestock such as horses and pig sometimes with some influenza virus, occasionally transmitted. Fecal oral transmission of the virus found in intestinal, respiratory syncytial virus transmitted through the dust. Organ transplant patients through multiple transfusions, and even organ for the virus caused. Hematogenous spread of viral pneumonia is not associated with tracheo - bronchitis. Pathological changes from upper respiratory tract infection, airway epithelial extensive damage to mucosal ulceration occurred, and lining membrane protein fiber. The defense airway function, may suffer bacterial infection, low immune status, the fair merger fungi, protozoa particularly pneumocystis carinii infection. Simple viral pneumonia caused interstitial pneumonia, alveolar septal large mononuclear cell infiltration. Alveolar edema, and coating with plasma protein and fiber hyaline membrane protein, Artemis alveolar membrane thickening distance. Pneumonia can be focal or diffuse widely, or even real change. Alveolar cells and macrophages can be seen virus inclusion. Bronchioles are exudation. Lesions may have absorbed pulmonary fibrosis, even nodular calcification. Clinical manifestations of this disease is generally lighter, and Mycoplasma pneumonia symptoms similar. Slow onset, headache, fatigue, fever, cough, cough and a small amount of mucus plugs. Signs are often absent. X-ray examination showed lung inflammation spotty, flaked or even the shadow. WBC total number of normal, reduce or increase slightly. General course for a ~ 2 weeks. In patients with immune defects, viral pneumonia is often more serious, persistent high fever, heart palpitations, short breath and cyanosis, extreme exhaustion, be with shock, heart failure and azotemia. As interstitial and alveolar edema within, can be serious respiratory distress syndrome. Wetlands have medical rales. X-ray examination revealed diffuse nodular infiltrates, was particularly prevalent in the next 2 2 / 3 lung field. A diagnosis, medical history, symptoms : slow onset, a number of early throat, throat tightness, sneezing, runny nose, fever, headache, anorexia and body ache, and other upper respiratory symptoms, lung lesions can cough (mostly paroxysmal cough), chest pain, shortness of breath and other symptoms, medical history should pay particular attention to whether immunodeficiency or immunosuppression situation. Two physical exam found : little more signs may sometimes hear in the lower lung and small blisters sound. 3, paramedical examination : (1) X-ray, both lungs were reticular shadow markings thickening, fuzzy seriously, both lungs, Visibility opposition diffuse nodular shadows, it changes were rare. (2) blood test : the normal white blood cell count can also be slightly higher or lower, secondary bacterial infection, Leukocyte counts and neutrophils can be increased. (3) Pathogenic : virus cultivation more difficult, not easy to carry out routine, pneumonia patients sputum smear only found scattered in a large number of bacteria and cells, bacteria or not, suspected to be viral pneumonia possible. (4) serological examination : acute and convalescent serum double the complement fixation test, China and the pilot or inhibition test serum antibody titers increased four times or more diagnostic significance. In recent years, with monitoring of serum virus-specific IgM antibody and help early diagnosis. Immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA technique, horseradish peroxidase-anti - horseradish peroxidase enzyme. HIV can be rapid diagnostic specificity. For a general treatment : the guarantee of singing, to keep the airway open, preventing water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, if necessary oxygen therapy. 2, antiviral drugs : amantadine 0.1g, 2 times / d, is used in conjunction with 3 ~ 5 days; Ribavirin, 10mg/kg, 2 ~ 3 times / d, oral or injection; Qingzhen and Fuquan, Astragalus, honeysuckle, Daqingye and forsythia have some antiviral effect. Could be used Europium-interferon, such as thymosin. 3, secondary bacterial infection corresponding antibiotic treatment. Prevention of HIV infection antibodies later, the infection control is not very useful. Interferon cells susceptible to infection with the virus protection, to prevent the development of disease and to prevent its dissemination role. Certain immune cells to control the virus, such as leukemia or Hodgkin's disease cellular immune defects, very easy to feel herpes and chickenpox viruses, and no other virus susceptibility. Currently the infant had extensive coverage of live attenuated measles vaccine, measles is very rare, measles, pneumonia and even more rare. Human immunoglobulin passive immunization on the susceptibility of the patients, particularly against chickenpox and measles have a protective effect. Specific immunization for influenza, adenovirus, measles has protective effects, but not completely prevent the attack.