Wednesday, October 22, 2008
Emergence of protein in urine do not eat protein
There are a lot of patients with kidney disease that appears in urine protein because eating too much protein, because in order to limit the intake of protein, and even some of the patients with renal insufficiency afraid of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and elevated fasting total protein. This understanding is not complete. Emergence of protein in urine because of damage or glomerular filtration membrane of renal tubular reabsorption dysfunction caused by intake of protein and the number of little relevance, but not protein intake will cause the body to strengthen the catabolism, muscle, fat break down Accelerated product of the acid in the body (including urea nitrogen, creatinine), suffering from weight loss, deterioration of the further development of the disease. Acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, can be a normal diet, per kilogram of body weight per day of about 1 g protein, a large number of proteinuria, plasma of patients with low-protein, protein intake should be increased In particular, high-quality animal protein such as milk, meat and eggs (Qing). On the development of chronic nephritis to the worst period - the period of uremia patients, but also that eating high-quality low-protein diet, that is, the adults of not less than 20 grams of protein daily. Uremic patients during dialysis, particularly peritoneal dialysis, the daily consumption of protein are asking for more.
Thursday, October 16, 2008
Otogenic meningitis and clinical diagnosis based on the
Clinical manifestations: 1. Otitis media patients earache, ear discharge increase or decrease.
2. Purulent meningitis performance: high fever, headache, vomiting, neck hard, convulsions, delirium or drowsiness.
3. Tendon hyperreflexia, Clinton and the Babinski sign positive sign; retinal optic nerve edema.
Diagnosis based on: 1. For chronic otitis media or acute otitis media patients with acute fever, headache, vomiting, neck hard.
2. Tendon hyperreflexia, Clinton and the Babinski sign positive sign, fundus optic nerve head edema.
3. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased turbidity, white, high protein content, chloride and reduce the sugar content, smear or culture can be found in bacteria.
4. Mastoid x-ray showed bone damaged or cholesteatoma are empty.
2. Purulent meningitis performance: high fever, headache, vomiting, neck hard, convulsions, delirium or drowsiness.
3. Tendon hyperreflexia, Clinton and the Babinski sign positive sign; retinal optic nerve edema.
Diagnosis based on: 1. For chronic otitis media or acute otitis media patients with acute fever, headache, vomiting, neck hard.
2. Tendon hyperreflexia, Clinton and the Babinski sign positive sign, fundus optic nerve head edema.
3. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased turbidity, white, high protein content, chloride and reduce the sugar content, smear or culture can be found in bacteria.
4. Mastoid x-ray showed bone damaged or cholesteatoma are empty.
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
Desmoid tumor easy to be confused with the diseases?
As the desmoid tumor and clinical performance of the image is not typical, the preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Occurred in the abdominal wall desmoid tumor has some characteristics of the abdominal wall hard benign fibroids, and neurofibromatosis
Lipoma common; to malignant lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma and metastatic tumors common. Lipoma performance of the typical CT, without identification. The use of MRI can be hard to distinguish between fibroids and neurofibromatosis. Despite the hard fiber
Local tumor with invasive, but most of the CT in the performance of the border to clear the soft tissue mass, and was typical of the growth of malignant tumor-infiltrating, combined with clinical manifestations can be distinguished.
Lipoma common; to malignant lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma and metastatic tumors common. Lipoma performance of the typical CT, without identification. The use of MRI can be hard to distinguish between fibroids and neurofibromatosis. Despite the hard fiber
Local tumor with invasive, but most of the CT in the performance of the border to clear the soft tissue mass, and was typical of the growth of malignant tumor-infiltrating, combined with clinical manifestations can be distinguished.
Monday, October 13, 2008
In children with leukemia during chemotherapy should pay attention to what?
Q: In children with leukemia during chemotherapy should pay attention to what?
A: pay attention to personal hygiene, before eating, after they wash their hands to prevent a very low resistance of the disease through the mouth.
Maintain open stool, then after the bath as much as possible in order to maintain local clean. For hemorrhoids or constipation end, the treatment of hemorrhoids can use conventional drugs or laxative.
To reduce contact with the outside world. Reduce unnecessary visits. In case of the people or the environment around patients with influenza should wear a mask in order to reduce the opportunities for cross-infection.
Room patients or wards placed too much not the flowers, in particular, should take to avoid pot, so that can be reduced due to soil or plants with the fungal spores, bacteria and other infections caused.
Try not to dig a hard object or Tiya ear to prevent local damage and lead to infection.
A: pay attention to personal hygiene, before eating, after they wash their hands to prevent a very low resistance of the disease through the mouth.
Maintain open stool, then after the bath as much as possible in order to maintain local clean. For hemorrhoids or constipation end, the treatment of hemorrhoids can use conventional drugs or laxative.
To reduce contact with the outside world. Reduce unnecessary visits. In case of the people or the environment around patients with influenza should wear a mask in order to reduce the opportunities for cross-infection.
Room patients or wards placed too much not the flowers, in particular, should take to avoid pot, so that can be reduced due to soil or plants with the fungal spores, bacteria and other infections caused.
Try not to dig a hard object or Tiya ear to prevent local damage and lead to infection.
Saturday, October 4, 2008
Children with biliary tract infection and treatment of disease
Key symptoms: Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis in the relatively rare in children, who sometimes associated with cholelithiasis (more rare in children). Disease often than sharp, the incidence of more than 1 day after treatment. With abdominal pain, high fever Serbian war as the main symptoms, sometimes jaundice. Fu Teng on sustained or intermittent dull pain, severe pain or cramping. There are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. High fever can cause convulsions, or the spirit of good, delirium, coma, and other symptoms. Less jaundice, a short time. Medical examination showed acute tolerance, body temperature of 38.5 ℃ in sustainable over up to 41 ℃, a clear right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness and tension, and sometimes swelling of the gallbladder can be touched. Is particularly serious in some cases to toxic shock as the main performance after treatment before the emergence of the stomach, belly full of tension and tenderness, and other signs of peritonitis. Peripheral blood WBC increased, and there are a number of neutrophils increased, the left and the poisoning of nuclear particles. Key measures: Acute cholecystitis may be non-surgical therapy, including the solution of cramps, pain and anti-infection treatment. Broad-spectrum antibiotics such as the recent benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole Pioneer-for-tat commonly used anti-bacterial drugs. As a result of not eating more, it will also be necessary to maintain nutrition and intravenous rehydration water. 1. Kiyotoshi Chinese medicine therapy in order to heat, liver qi Kuai-based. Prescription For example: Radix 3g, baicalin 9g, Radix 3g, Aurantii 9g, Radix 9g, the British public and 15g, rhubarb 6g, capillaris 15g, flabellata 6g. Severe abdominal pain were the Canadian dollar Hu 9g, Chuan Lianzi 9g. 2. Surgical treatment: surgical indications: ① diagnosed with biliary peritonitis after surgery as soon as possible; ② high fever, toxic shock, to correct a short period of time there was no significant improvement or deterioration in their conditions were; ③ In the course of treatment are complicated by liver abscess, pancreatitis, gallbladder perforation necrosis; ④ bile duct stone. Non-surgical scar stenosis who can not be lifted. Surgery is the principle: the lifting of obstruction of the bile duct, gall adequate drainage to reduce the pressure. Should be actively preparing for the pre-operative, including blood transfusions, rehydration, intravenous antibiotics and other measures to correct shock. If 3 to 6 hours of treatment, symptoms not improved, that is, should be held in emergency rescue operation so as not to lose the opportunity. Surgery under way in children in general and local conditions. In the case of purulent perforated or gangrenous cholecystitis will be used for cholecystectomy. Gallbladder disease, such as limited and generally poor children can also be made for gallbladder fistula. If a companion when the common bile duct inflammation or perforation of bile duct drainage line to be at the same time line shunt. General acute cholecystitis by the non-surgical treatment can be self-healing subsided, but associated with peritonitis, subject to post-actively preparing for the surgery. Key causes: Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis disease as the main stay of bile and bacterial infection. Multi-stranded as a result of bile duct obstruction caused by the obstruction of the common factors of congenital bile duct or inflammatory narrow cholecystojejunostomy match after a narrow regurgitation caused by parasites and common bile duct sphincter spasm. By the bacteria in the blood, lymph, intestinal tract or adjacent organ invasion and gallbladder and bile duct, causing inflammation of the E. coli bacteria in the main, accounting for about 70%, other Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, and so on, can also Mixed infection. 【Prevention: No prevention. 【-Prone age: Prone to all ages.
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