Diabetic patients only concerned about "food" and "medicine", but ignoring "physiological effects of drinking water" and "water science" is more prevalent. It can be said with diabetes and their families (including some doctors included) are mostly water, blind, or there are many misunderstandings of drinking water.
In fact, diabetes polyuria and polydipsia is a causal relationship. Polyuria is more reason to drink more drink is the result of polyuria. Diabetic patients is not "drink too much, had urine", but "too much of urine, had to drink." Many diabetics use to drink less oliguria and methods, this is the wrong ideas and practices. Polyuria is diabetes self-protection response. When the blood sugar of diabetic patients, the body in order to protect themselves, have excess sugar through the urine, the resulting high blood sugar were significantly increased urine output. Volume increases will inevitably lead to significant loss of body water to form a body "dehydration" of pathology. Body dehydration, through physical conditioning will be thirsty.
Diabetic patients are not unduly limit the water, because high blood sugar in diabetics with hyperosmolar diuretic effect, so diabetic patients are due to polyuria and deliberately limited the water, this may cause the blood concentration in the blood of metabolic waste can not be discharged, may cause diabetes ketosis acid poisoning, or even hyperosmolar diabetic coma, in addition to dehydration will damage the nervous system. Therefore recommended that diabetes should drink before going to bed at about 200 to 400 ml warm water.
Metabolic syndrome, also known as sugar diabetes. Metabolism is the fundamental basis of life of all organisms. Metabolism is mainly carried out in the cell, the process of metabolism of the human body is essentially a series of complex, interrelated biophysical and biochemical reactions. All biochemical reactions are without water, no water, no chemical reaction, metabolism stops, life stops.
Digestion and absorption of nutrients are in the enzyme involved in completion. Made up of protein enzymes, amino acids and water by the hydrogen bond formed to provide multi-dimensional space structure to dynamic. After the water activity will reduce the impact of abnormal activity of various enzymes and enzyme abnormalities. Once the enzyme activity decreased or abnormal metabolism of a variety of nutritional abnormalities occur. Nutrition metabolism abnormality or disorder, there will be barriers to different symptoms of metabolic disease nutrition.
Once the water shortage will lead to imbalance of body water, body water can trigger metabolic abnormalities, the body of water shortage is that many chronic diseases and causes of diabetic complications.
1. Induced coronary artery disease
Insufficient replenishment will lead to blood concentration, circulation delay, cardiac insufficiency, can cause angina, myocardial infarction.
Sunday, August 8, 2010
High incidence of urinary tract stones Khan is the main reason many oliguria
Urolithiasis is high season, one of the most common urological disease. According to the Third Hospital of Changsha, Professor of Urology Director of the Southern small, due to continuous high temperature, to hospital for treatment of urinary tract stones increased significantly.
Expert analysis, sweating drink plenty of water is the main cause of less. In addition, the body of metabolic disorders, urinary tract obstruction, infection, drug use, etc., are also common causes of stone formation. The high incidence of urinary tract stones in summer, Khan is the main reason many oliguria. Hot summer weather, the body sweat more, especially in outdoor activities or work, if not pay attention to complement the loss of body water, resulting in the formation of urinary stones was super-saturated salt crystal, crystal deposition in urine, can lead to urinary Road stone.
The incidence of urinary tract stones are distinctive features: there is a strong waist pain, even pain, people can not afford the body upright. Even after the pain, no feeling back to normal, should consult a doctor immediately. Some urinary tract stones accompanied by hematuria, it is because into the narrow ureter stones, were a creep, so that the friction to a ureteral stone wall, will produce hematuria.
Although this high incidence of the disease is seasonal, but as long as preventive measures, can reduce the probability of illness. The easiest way is to drink plenty of water, drank at least 2000 ml, the equivalent of 6 to 8 glasses of water. The stones were also to ensure adequate urine output, in general, as far as possible to maintain the daily urine output of 1500 ml, for the large amount of exercise, people sweat more, amount of water even more. Beverages, beer is no substitute for water, beer, absorbed through the human body decomposition into uric acid, uric acid concentration, easy to get stones.
Summer diet should also note that the crowd had stones should be light diet, calcium supplements should also be careful.
Expert analysis, sweating drink plenty of water is the main cause of less. In addition, the body of metabolic disorders, urinary tract obstruction, infection, drug use, etc., are also common causes of stone formation. The high incidence of urinary tract stones in summer, Khan is the main reason many oliguria. Hot summer weather, the body sweat more, especially in outdoor activities or work, if not pay attention to complement the loss of body water, resulting in the formation of urinary stones was super-saturated salt crystal, crystal deposition in urine, can lead to urinary Road stone.
The incidence of urinary tract stones are distinctive features: there is a strong waist pain, even pain, people can not afford the body upright. Even after the pain, no feeling back to normal, should consult a doctor immediately. Some urinary tract stones accompanied by hematuria, it is because into the narrow ureter stones, were a creep, so that the friction to a ureteral stone wall, will produce hematuria.
Although this high incidence of the disease is seasonal, but as long as preventive measures, can reduce the probability of illness. The easiest way is to drink plenty of water, drank at least 2000 ml, the equivalent of 6 to 8 glasses of water. The stones were also to ensure adequate urine output, in general, as far as possible to maintain the daily urine output of 1500 ml, for the large amount of exercise, people sweat more, amount of water even more. Beverages, beer is no substitute for water, beer, absorbed through the human body decomposition into uric acid, uric acid concentration, easy to get stones.
Summer diet should also note that the crowd had stones should be light diet, calcium supplements should also be careful.
What to do more checks of urine?
24 h urine volume normal healthy person is about 1500-2000ml; If the 24h urine as more than 2500ml of urine. Pathological polyuria seen in diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, kidney disease.
Polyuria for different reasons, very different history, careful questioning of Endocrinology and Metabolism diseases, kidney disease history, medication history and other applications. Note dehydration medical examination, musculoskeletal examination, neurological examination is the focus of reflection. Biochemical laboratory tests to blood acid-base balance, water and electrolyte checks for the necessary means. Suspected multiple myeloma bone marrow examination can be diagnosed when repeated. X ray film. CT, MRL examination, we find that bone damage, as well as organs of the structure of demineralized size and so on.
Project selection】 【Inspection
Urine, urine, blood sugar, electrolyte determination, blood antidiuretic hormone determination.
Determine】 【test results
(1), urine routine examination: specific gravity was reduced, indicating that diabetes insipidus may be caused by polyuria.
(2) urine and blood glucose measurement: the positive urine sugar, blood glucose increased, suggesting that diabetes induced polyuria.
(3) Determination of serum electrolytes: calcium increase, suggesting that hyperparathyroidism may be caused by polyuria; potassium decreased, suggesting that the disease caused by low potassium and urination.
(4) Determination of serum antidiuretic hormone: reduced, indicating that the polyuria of diabetes insipidus.
Polyuria for different reasons, very different history, careful questioning of Endocrinology and Metabolism diseases, kidney disease history, medication history and other applications. Note dehydration medical examination, musculoskeletal examination, neurological examination is the focus of reflection. Biochemical laboratory tests to blood acid-base balance, water and electrolyte checks for the necessary means. Suspected multiple myeloma bone marrow examination can be diagnosed when repeated. X ray film. CT, MRL examination, we find that bone damage, as well as organs of the structure of demineralized size and so on.
Project selection】 【Inspection
Urine, urine, blood sugar, electrolyte determination, blood antidiuretic hormone determination.
Determine】 【test results
(1), urine routine examination: specific gravity was reduced, indicating that diabetes insipidus may be caused by polyuria.
(2) urine and blood glucose measurement: the positive urine sugar, blood glucose increased, suggesting that diabetes induced polyuria.
(3) Determination of serum electrolytes: calcium increase, suggesting that hyperparathyroidism may be caused by polyuria; potassium decreased, suggesting that the disease caused by low potassium and urination.
(4) Determination of serum antidiuretic hormone: reduced, indicating that the polyuria of diabetes insipidus.
Diabetic patients make up the daily water
Has been mistaken for many diabetic patients with polydipsia and polyuria of diabetes is caused because too much water, if there is less water, you can control the symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria.
This is not true. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, health education experts XU Wei-min said that many diabetes patients to control the symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria, even if the thirsty to drink water or do not want to drink as little as possible. Although this surface symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria were reduced, but the objective has led to elevated blood glucose levels, in fact increased the diabetes condition. According to statistical data analysis, because of improper water induced exacerbations, accounting for one to two percent of diabetic patients.
So, people with diabetes every day how much water to add more appropriate? XU Wei-min suggested that diabetes and other ordinary people on average per day 2500 ml of water. In addition to some of the water contained in the diet, there are 1600-2000 ml of water depend on external water supply. He warned that diabetes could be used for drinking water has boiled water, light tea, mineral water, not drinking sugary drinks. In addition, he said that in food intake more protein, exercise intensity, sweat and more such cases, should be the appropriate drink plenty of water. Milk, soy milk is a good diabetes hydration drink. Drank milk, soy milk can improve the calcium status, milk also contains a certain amount of dietary fiber, and therefore more suitable for comparison of obesity, high blood lipids, high blood pressure diabetes drinking.
This is not true. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, health education experts XU Wei-min said that many diabetes patients to control the symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria, even if the thirsty to drink water or do not want to drink as little as possible. Although this surface symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria were reduced, but the objective has led to elevated blood glucose levels, in fact increased the diabetes condition. According to statistical data analysis, because of improper water induced exacerbations, accounting for one to two percent of diabetic patients.
So, people with diabetes every day how much water to add more appropriate? XU Wei-min suggested that diabetes and other ordinary people on average per day 2500 ml of water. In addition to some of the water contained in the diet, there are 1600-2000 ml of water depend on external water supply. He warned that diabetes could be used for drinking water has boiled water, light tea, mineral water, not drinking sugary drinks. In addition, he said that in food intake more protein, exercise intensity, sweat and more such cases, should be the appropriate drink plenty of water. Milk, soy milk is a good diabetes hydration drink. Drank milk, soy milk can improve the calcium status, milk also contains a certain amount of dietary fiber, and therefore more suitable for comparison of obesity, high blood lipids, high blood pressure diabetes drinking.
What are symptoms of polyuria easily confused?
1. Insipidus Diabetes insipidus is the hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction nervous, too little antidiuretic hormone secretion caused by the disease, clinical manifestations mad thirsty polydipsia, polyuria, dehydration. Laboratory diagnosis of dependence. Water deprivation test: test before you urinate, urine test, urine relative density, blood pressure, body weight, hematocrit, then cut water 8 ~ 12h, every 2 h voiding a repeat examination, diabetes insipidus, although the ban on water, but when the urinary volume is still more than the relative density does not increase, weight decrease due to water loss 1.5-2.5 kg, blood pressure may have decreased, increased hematocrit. Hypertonic saline test: test the water before the cut-off 8 h, water early in the morning within 1h kg of body weight per 20 ml, 30mi when inserting catheters, urine samples were collected every 15 min, measuring urine output, urine volume per minute calculation, when a continuous 2 times per minute than voiding 5ml. time to start intravenous infusion 2.5% NaCI solution (0.25 ml? kg-1? min-1), lasted 45 min, such as the drip drip completed during or within 30 min after the urine remains in even increased by 0.1 units while intravenous vasopressin, if hysterical over urinary stimulated by hypertonic saline can be enough antidiuretic hormone secretion, and decreased urine output; diabetes insipidus in patients with pituitary injection pressure must be After the urine volume was significantly reduced factor.
2. The typical history of diabetes should be more drinking, eating, urination, weight loss. Common in the elderly with atypical medical history, especially more common older obese, showing polydipsia and polyuria, and more food from time performance. Laboratory tests show high blood sugar diabetes, high urine sugar, insulin release and C-peptide inspection abnormal, atypical cases have to do glucose tolerance test or bread be confirmed test.
3. Polyuria attention renal kidney disease history, kidney function checks the performance of particular examination of renal tubular function abnormalities.
4. Primary aldosteronism in patients with refractory hypertension, refractory hypokalemia, periodic muscle flaccid paralysis, paralysis, convulsions and spasms. CT or MRI, can be found in adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia.
5. Primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma (90%) hypertrophy (10%) and cancer (rare), patients with polydipsia polyuria, muscle weakness weakness, nausea vomiting, constipation. Laboratory high blood calcium, high calcium, alkaline phosphatase increased. X-ray examination, bone decalcification, bone absorption.
6. Psychogenic polydipsia, polyuria resistant patients can often feel thirsty, this time can significantly reduce the amount of urine, while the relative density of urine can be increased to more than 1.015. Patients tend to also have a series of clinical manifestations of neurosis. Water deprivation test or a hypertonic saline test may identify with diabetes insipidus.
7. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus rare hereditary disease, hereditary diseases are often chromosomal abnormalities, genetic female, male disease, there is family history, but the disease may be generational. Born after the performance of polyuria, polydipsia, polyuria before more drink. Ban water test and hypertonic saline test to work.
8. Hypokalemia usually do not show more potassium in urine, only the long-term low potassium, such as more than 3 months, persistent hypokalemia, renal tubular degeneration, said that when the performance loss of potassium nephritis polyuria,
At this time of low potassium, high potassium in urine, renal tubular dysfunction is the clinical features.
9. Acute renal failure Acute renal failure in pre-clinical sub-renal failure, oliguria anuria period, polyuria phase and recovery phase 4, polyuria period is characterized by gradual increase in urine output is generally divided in three forms: jump, increase in daily urine output above 100%, this type of good prognosis; stepped increase in daily urine output of 50% -100% of the volume increase, this type of prognosis is good; slowly increasing type, daily urine volume of 50 % or less, on behalf of renal function recovery is not complete or there are new factors that affect kidney function, common infections, renal toxicity of drugs or electrolyte imbalance, should be resolved in time, this type of oliguria anuria period usually longer, often exceeding half months, some patients can be directly transition to the chronic renal failure, cause permanent kidney damage. About l / 3 of the cases, the incidence of acute renal failure from the beginning that the performance of urination, polyuria, said acute renal failure.
10. Chronic renal failure Chronic renal failure early, often show more urine, mainly increased nocturia, renal tubular concentration on behalf of dysfunction, this time in urine relative density is low, often fixed at l.010-l.012, low urinary osmolality , the performance of radionuclide renogram curve low and flat.
11. Obstructive nephropathy is a major group involved in renal interstitial - renal disease is also called a small tube - interstitial nephritis. The complexity of its causes, common in infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms; immune dysfunction; renal toxic damage; kidney blood supply of metabolic diseases such as hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia; physical factors seen in a long-term exposure to X ray or cancer radiotherapy ; urinary tract obstruction caused by reflux nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease and other hereditary diseases. The cause different clinical manifestations are different, but their common feature is interstitial, tubular damage, as tubular damage, while the concentration of small tube dysfunction, the performance of polyuria.
Polyuria for different reasons, very different history, careful questioning of Endocrinology and Metabolism diseases, kidney disease history, medication history and other applications. Note dehydration medical examination, musculoskeletal examination, neurological examination is the focus of reflection. Biochemical laboratory tests to blood acid-base balance, water and electrolyte checks for the necessary means. Suspected multiple myeloma bone marrow examination can be diagnosed when repeated. X ray film. CT, MRL examination, we find that bone damage, as well as organs of the structure of demineralized size and so on.
2. The typical history of diabetes should be more drinking, eating, urination, weight loss. Common in the elderly with atypical medical history, especially more common older obese, showing polydipsia and polyuria, and more food from time performance. Laboratory tests show high blood sugar diabetes, high urine sugar, insulin release and C-peptide inspection abnormal, atypical cases have to do glucose tolerance test or bread be confirmed test.
3. Polyuria attention renal kidney disease history, kidney function checks the performance of particular examination of renal tubular function abnormalities.
4. Primary aldosteronism in patients with refractory hypertension, refractory hypokalemia, periodic muscle flaccid paralysis, paralysis, convulsions and spasms. CT or MRI, can be found in adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia.
5. Primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma (90%) hypertrophy (10%) and cancer (rare), patients with polydipsia polyuria, muscle weakness weakness, nausea vomiting, constipation. Laboratory high blood calcium, high calcium, alkaline phosphatase increased. X-ray examination, bone decalcification, bone absorption.
6. Psychogenic polydipsia, polyuria resistant patients can often feel thirsty, this time can significantly reduce the amount of urine, while the relative density of urine can be increased to more than 1.015. Patients tend to also have a series of clinical manifestations of neurosis. Water deprivation test or a hypertonic saline test may identify with diabetes insipidus.
7. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus rare hereditary disease, hereditary diseases are often chromosomal abnormalities, genetic female, male disease, there is family history, but the disease may be generational. Born after the performance of polyuria, polydipsia, polyuria before more drink. Ban water test and hypertonic saline test to work.
8. Hypokalemia usually do not show more potassium in urine, only the long-term low potassium, such as more than 3 months, persistent hypokalemia, renal tubular degeneration, said that when the performance loss of potassium nephritis polyuria,
At this time of low potassium, high potassium in urine, renal tubular dysfunction is the clinical features.
9. Acute renal failure Acute renal failure in pre-clinical sub-renal failure, oliguria anuria period, polyuria phase and recovery phase 4, polyuria period is characterized by gradual increase in urine output is generally divided in three forms: jump, increase in daily urine output above 100%, this type of good prognosis; stepped increase in daily urine output of 50% -100% of the volume increase, this type of prognosis is good; slowly increasing type, daily urine volume of 50 % or less, on behalf of renal function recovery is not complete or there are new factors that affect kidney function, common infections, renal toxicity of drugs or electrolyte imbalance, should be resolved in time, this type of oliguria anuria period usually longer, often exceeding half months, some patients can be directly transition to the chronic renal failure, cause permanent kidney damage. About l / 3 of the cases, the incidence of acute renal failure from the beginning that the performance of urination, polyuria, said acute renal failure.
10. Chronic renal failure Chronic renal failure early, often show more urine, mainly increased nocturia, renal tubular concentration on behalf of dysfunction, this time in urine relative density is low, often fixed at l.010-l.012, low urinary osmolality , the performance of radionuclide renogram curve low and flat.
11. Obstructive nephropathy is a major group involved in renal interstitial - renal disease is also called a small tube - interstitial nephritis. The complexity of its causes, common in infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms; immune dysfunction; renal toxic damage; kidney blood supply of metabolic diseases such as hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia; physical factors seen in a long-term exposure to X ray or cancer radiotherapy ; urinary tract obstruction caused by reflux nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease and other hereditary diseases. The cause different clinical manifestations are different, but their common feature is interstitial, tubular damage, as tubular damage, while the concentration of small tube dysfunction, the performance of polyuria.
Polyuria for different reasons, very different history, careful questioning of Endocrinology and Metabolism diseases, kidney disease history, medication history and other applications. Note dehydration medical examination, musculoskeletal examination, neurological examination is the focus of reflection. Biochemical laboratory tests to blood acid-base balance, water and electrolyte checks for the necessary means. Suspected multiple myeloma bone marrow examination can be diagnosed when repeated. X ray film. CT, MRL examination, we find that bone damage, as well as organs of the structure of demineralized size and so on.
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