Hydronephrosis

Obstruction of the urinary system, renal pelvis and calyces result in the expansion, in which retention of urine, referred to as hydronephrosis. Because the accumulation of urine in kidney, the pressure increases, so expansion of the renal pelvis and calyces and renal parenchymal atrophy. Retention of urine, such as infection, is known as infectious hydronephrosis; when the kidneys lose their function due to infection and necrosis, renal pelvis is full of pus, known as empyema, or pus kidney kidney. The main cause of hydronephrosis is the cause of ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Clinical manifestations:
Adjacent to the urinary system and its various diseases caused by urinary obstruction, and ultimately can cause hydronephrosis. As a result of obstruction of the original disease, location and extent of the differences in the different clinical manifestations of patients with hydronephrosis and the process is not consistent. Congenital lesions, such as ureteropelvic junction stenosis, renal vascular or lower pole ectopic ureter and other fiber bundles caused by compression of hydronephrosis, the development is relatively slow, long-term no obvious symptoms, when a certain volume of abdominal mass. Ministries of urinary stones, cancer, inflammation and tuberculosis caused by hydronephrosis secondary to clinical manifestations were primary signs and symptoms, the disease rarely show hydronephrosis, as is often the incidence of complete obstruction abrupt, such as renal and ureteral stones and renal colic when incarcerated before they were discovered. Hydronephrosis secondary to infection, the disease usually presents symptoms of the original increase.

Hydronephrosis was intermittent episodes sometimes called intermittent hydronephrosis. Severe attack of ipsilateral abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output; by several hours or longer, the pain disappeared, and then emit large amounts of urine. This situation prevalent in the ureteral obstruction.
Long hydronephrosis caused by obstruction, will eventually lead to renal function decline. Bilateral renal or complete obstruction of solitary kidney anuria can occur, resulting in renal failure.

Need to mention that during normal pregnancy are often mild kidney, hydroureter. In addition to pregnancy outside the uterus ureteral compression is due to the secretion of progesterone during pregnancy causes renal pelvis and ureter due to muscle relaxation. The hydronephrosis is a physiological state, because almost all the anatomical relationship between the right place.

Diagnosis:
Should first determine the existence of hydronephrosis, and then identify the cause of hydronephrosis, lesion location, extent, with or without infection and renal damage. The differential diagnosis of abdominal masses should be noted that there is the possibility of hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis can be inconsistent mass tension, such as the mass of the tension is low or when the soft-hard when there are fluctuations in a sense, the very possibility of hydronephrosis. Some secondary hydronephrosis, the primary disease, the symptoms are significant, such as tuberculosis, cancer and so easy to overlook the presence of hydronephrosis. Adjacent to the urinary system diseases and renal urinary obstruction caused by water, are often not diagnosed in time, and even to kidney failure or no urine was found until the time. Laboratory tests should include blood tests to see whether the azotemia, acidosis and electrolyte disturbances. Urine, in addition to routine examination and culture for the outside, if necessary, take the line of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cytology examination.

Hydronephrosis